The microbiota of upper parts of gastrointestinal tract and its role in the development of obesity in children

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Abstract

Evaluation of qualitative and quantitative composition of microflora of different habitats of the human body and definition of their role in the development of metabolic disorders are of great interest for investigators worldwide. The gut microbiota is an obligatory contributor to the synthesis, recirculation and metabolism of steroid hormones, lipids, and bile acids. Infectious agents and their biologically active compounds initiate the atherogenesis. Disorders of lipid metabolism are associated with a change in bacterial enterotypes. Microbiotal colonization of gastrointestinal tract starts at birth. Its composition in a newborn depends on a variety of environmental and nutritional factors, maternal health, the course of pregnancy and delivery. Infants born by cesarean section have a higher incidence of obesity, which is thought to be associated with a delay of bifidobacterial colonization of gastrointestinal tract.

Reduction of bifidobacteria counts in the gut in infants below 12 months of age predisposes to obesity in later life. Children born to mothers with obesity have significant differences in the composition of the gut microflora, compared to children born to normal weight mothers. This review presents the data on the association between metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, and persistence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Further in-depth research in this area would increase the knowledge on the mechanisms of hormonal and metabolic disorders in childhood and may help to develop algorithms for effective treatment and preventive measures.

About the authors

T. A. Bokova

Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow

Author for correspondence.
Email: bta2304@mail.ru

Bokova Tat'yana A. – MD, PhD, Professor, Chair of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Training Faculty.

61/2-5 Shchepkina ul., Moscow, 129110, Russian Federation. Tel.: +7 (495) 681 25 98. E-mail: bta2304@mail.ru

Россия

A. S. Koshurnikova

Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow

Email: fake@neicon.ru
Koshurnikova Anastasiya S. – MD, Physician, Endoscopy Department; Assistant, Chair of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Training Faculty Россия

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Copyright (c) 2016 Bokova T.A., Koshurnikova A.S.

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