Диагностическая и прогностическая значимость серологических маркеров воспалительных заболеваний кишечника (обзор литературы)
- Авторы: Кузнецова Д.А.1, Лапин С.В.1, Щукина О.Б.1,2
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Учреждения:
- ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России
- СПбГУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 31»
- Выпуск: Том 48, № 6 (2020)
- Страницы: 364-374
- Раздел: ОБЗОР
- URL: https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/1386
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2020-48-061
- ID: 1386
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Аннотация
Диагностика воспалительных заболеваний кишечника (ВЗК) основана на комбинации клинических, эндоскопических, гистологических, лучевых и лабораторных методов исследования. Однако традиционные методы не всегда обладают достаточной информативностью в диагностике ВЗК, особенно в случаях неклассифицируемого колита, что обусловливает необходимость расширения стандартных диагностических подходов. В настоящее время активно ведется поиск неинвазивных серологических маркеров для ранней и дифференциальной диагностики ВЗК, а также оценки активности и прогноза течения болезни Крона (БК) и язвенного колита (ЯК). Среди показателей, вызывающих наибольший интерес, выделяют антитела к Saccharomyces cerevisiae (англ. аntiSaccharomyces cerevisiae, ASCA), антинейтрофильные цитоплазматические антитела (англ. аntineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, ANCA), аутоантитела к бокаловидным клеткам кишечника (англ. goblet cells antibodies, GAB) и ацинарным клеткам поджелудочной железы (англ. pancreatic autoantibodies, PAB). Целью настоящего обзора стала оценка диагностической и прогностической значимости ASCA, ANCA, GAB, PAB при БК и ЯК. В статье приведены обобщенные данные о роли вышеуказанных антител в нарушениях механизма иммунологической толерантности к кишечной микрофлоре и проницаемости кишечника при ВЗК. Обсуждаются результаты исследований ассоциаций ASCA с осложненным фенотипом БК, ответом на генно-инженерную биологическую терапию, а также необходимостью хирургических вмешательств. Представлены данные о связи ANCA с риском прогрессирования левостороннего ЯК до распространенного (тотального) поражения толстой кишки, резистентного к проведению гормональной терапии, а антител к ДНК-лактоферриновым комплексам и протеиназе 3 – с первичным склерозирующим холангитом. Отмечено, что PAB могут выступать в качестве прогностического маркера илеоколита, перианальных поражений, внекишечных проявлений и осложненного течения БК, а GAB – предиктора тотального ЯК с хроническим постоянным течением. Подчеркивается высокая информативность комбинированного определения ASCA, ANCA, GAB и PAB по сравнению с изолированным выявлением аутоантител при проведении дифференциальной диагностики и прогнозирования БК и ЯК.
Об авторах
Д. А. Кузнецова
ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: lariwar@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5318-354X
Кузнецова Дарья Александровна – кандидат медицинских наук, врач клинической лабораторной диагностики лаборатории диагностики аутоиммунных заболеваний Научно-методического центра по молекулярной медицине
197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8
РоссияС. В. Лапин
ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России
Email: svlapin@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4998-3699
Лапин Сергей Владимирович – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией диагностики аутоиммунных заболеваний Научно-методического центра по молекулярной медицине
197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8
РоссияО. Б. Щукина
ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России;СПбГУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 31»
Email: burmao@gmail.com
Щукина Оксана Борисовна – доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры общей врачебной практики (семейной медицины); руководитель Городского центра диагностики и лечения воспалительных заболеваний кишечника СПбГУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 31»
197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8;
197110, г. СанктПетербург, пр-т Динамо, 3
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