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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">848</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2018-46-4-298-313</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Current approaches to the morphological diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and prediction of their clinical course based on the analysis of our own database</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современные подходы к морфологической диагностике нейроэндокринных опухолей поджелудочной железы и прогнозированию их клинического течения на основе анализа собственной базы данных</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurevich</surname><given-names>L. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуревич</surname><given-names>Л. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Larisa E. Gurevich – </bold>ScD in Biology, Professor, Leading Research Fellow, Department of Pathological Anatomy </p><p><italic>61/2 Shchepkina ul., Moscow, 129110</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Гуревич Лариса Евсеевна – </bold>доктор биологических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник патологоанатомического отделения</p><p> <italic>129110, г. Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2</italic></p></bio><email>larisgur@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazantseva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казанцева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Irina A. Kazantseva – </bold>MD, PhD, Professor, Head of Department of Pathological Anatomy</p><p><italic>61/2 Shchepkina ul., Moscow, 129110</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Казанцева Ирина Александровна – </bold>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель патологоанатомического отделения</p><p><italic>129110, г. Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-09-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>46</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>298</fpage><lpage>313</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-09-23"><day>23</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2018-09-23"><day>23</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Gurevich L.E., Kazantseva I.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Гуревич Л.Е., Казанцева И.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gurevich L.E., Kazantseva I.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гуревич Л.Е., Казанцева И.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/848">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/848</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Aim: </bold>Combined clinical and morphological analysis of the pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) spectrum according to the new World Health Organization classification: patient distribution, hormonal status, morphological grading, somatostatin receptor 2 (SSR2) and 5 (SSR5) expression, the choice of tissue-specific markers for the differential diagnosis of primary NET in the pancreas based on metastases with unknown primary tumor.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods: </bold>The study was performed with 472 tissue samples from pNETs taken from patients. Morphological analysis consisted of histological and immunohistochemical examination with a panel of antibodies to chromogranin A, synaptophysin, CD56, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, gastrin, calcitonin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), serotonin, pancreatic polypeptide, cytokeratins (CK) of a wide spectrum, CK7 and CK19, p53, Ki-67, SSR 2 and SSR5, PDX-1, Isl-1, and NESP-55.</p><p><bold>Results: </bold>In women, the prevalence of pNETS was 2.3 higher than in men (2.3:1). We were able to identify 299 (63.3%) insulinomas, 134 (28.4%) non-functioning NETs, 28 (5.9%) gastrinomas and 1.8% rare tumors (somatostatinomas, “calcitoninomas” and ACTH-producing). Metastatic tumors were found in 16.5% of the cases. Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1 was confirmed in 11.9% of the pNET patients, and in 30.8% of those aged below 30 years. Multiple tumors (2 to 10) were found in 32 patients by the time of the diagnosis or occurred at 7 to 18 years after initial surgery. 28.3% of the tumors were CK19-positive, with 54.4% of them being metastatic. Insulinomas were least prone to metastasizing (5.7% of the cases), with 41.2% of them being CK19-positive. Metastases were found in 70.4, 66.7, 100, and 100% of gastrinomas, “calcitoninomas”, ACTH-producing, and somatostatinomas, respectively, with CK19-positivity found in 85.2, 66.7, 66.7, and 100% of these tumors. SSR2 expression was observed in all gastrinomas and “calcitoninomas”, in 90.5% of “glucagonomas”, 85.7% of PPomas, and 66.7% of somatostatinomas. SSR5 expression was significantly less frequent. 86.3% of the studied tumors were PDX-1-positive: all somatostatinomas, 97.4% of insulinomas, 92.3% of gastrinomas, 83.3% of PPomas, 80% of the non-functioning NETs. PDX-1-negativity was identified in all “calcitoninomas” and in 57.1% of the non-functioning “glucagonomas”. 83.3% and 90.9% of the pNETs were Isl-1 and NESP-55-positive, respectively.</p><p><bold>Conclusion: </bold>Combined morphological and immunohistochemical examination of pNETs allows for the correct diagnosis, assessment of their prognosis and choice of the most effective treatment. The malignancy grade of pNETs depends on the cell immunophenotype and is higher in the cases with co-expression of the markers of neuroendocrine and ductal differentiation (CK19), as well as with ectopic hormonal production.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель – </bold>комплексный клинико-морфологический анализ спектра нейроэндокринных опухолей (НЭО) поджелудочной железы (ПЖ) согласно новой классификации Всемирной организации здравоохранения (2017): состав пациентов, гормональный статус, морфологические критерии злокачественности, экспрессия рецепторов к соматостатину 2 (ССР 2) и 5-го типов (ССР 5), выбор тканеспецифических маркеров для дифференциальной диагностики первичной локализации НЭО в ПЖ по метастазам без известного первичного очага.</p><p><bold>Материал и методы. </bold>Материалом исследования послужили 472 образца ткани НЭО ПЖ от пациентов. Морфологический анализ включал гистологический и иммуногистохимический методы исследования со спектром антител к хромогранину А, синаптофизину, CD56, инсулину, глюкагону, соматостатину, гастрину, кальцитонину, адренокортикотропному гормону (АКТГ), серотонину, панкреатическому полипептиду, цитокератинам (ЦК) широкого спектра, ЦК 7 и 19, p53, Ki-67, ССР 2 и ССР 5, PDX-1, Isl-1, NESP55.</p><p><bold>Результаты. </bold>НЭО ПЖ встречались у женщин в 2,3 раза чаще, чем у мужчин (2,3:1). Были верифицированы 299 (63,3%) инсулином, 134 (28,4%) нефункционирующих НЭО, 28 (5,9%) гастрином и 1,8% редких опухолей (соматостатином, «кальцитонином» и АКТГ-продуцирующих). Метастазы были выявлены в 16,5% случаев. Синдром множественных эндокринных неоплазий 1-го типа был подтвержден у 11,9% пациентов с НЭО ПЖ, а у пациентов в возрасте до 30 лет – в 30,8% случаев. Множественные опухоли (от 2 до 10) у 32 пациентов были на момент установления диагноза или возникали через 7–18 лет после операции. ЦК19-позитивными были 28,3% опухолей, из них 54,4% с метастазами. Реже всего (в 5,7% случаев) метастазы были при инсулиномах, из них 41,2% были ЦК19-позитивными. Метастазы в гастриномах, «кальцитониномах», АКТГ-продуцирующих опухолях, соматостатиномах встречались в 70,4, 66,7, 100 и 100% случаев, ЦК19-позитивными были 85,2, 66,7, 66,7 и 100% опухолей соответственно. Экспрессия ССР 2 наблюдалась во всех гастриномах и «кальцитониномах», в 90,5% «глюкагоном», 85,7% «пипом», 66,7% соматостатином; экспрессия ССР 5 отмечена значительно реже. PDX-1-позитивными были 86,3% исследованных опухолей, все (100%) соматостатиномы, 97,4% инсулином, 92,3% гастрином, 83,3% «пипом», 80% нефункционирующих НЭО, PDX-1негативными – все (100%) «кальцитониномы» и 57,1% нефункционирующих «глюкагоном». Isl-1 и NESP-55-позитивными были 83,3 и 90,9% НЭО ПЖ.</p><p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Комплексное морфологическое и иммуногистохимическое исследование НЭО ПЖ позволяет правильно поставить диагноз, оценить прогноз и выбрать наиболее эффективное лечение. Злокачественный потенциал НЭО ПЖ зависит от иммунофенотипа клеток, он выше при ко-экспрессии маркеров нейроэндокринной и протоковой дифференцировки (ЦК19) и при продукции эктопических гормонов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor</kwd><kwd>malignancy grade</kwd><kwd>cytokeratin 19</kwd><kwd>somatostatin receptors</kwd><kwd>tissue-specific markers</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейроэндокринные опухоли поджелудочной железы</kwd><kwd>степень злокачественности</kwd><kwd>цитокератин 19</kwd><kwd>рецепторы к соматостатину</kwd><kwd>тканеспецифические маркеры</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Yao JC, Hassan M, Phan A, Dagohoy C, Leary C, Mares JE, Abdalla EK, Fleming JB, Vauthey JN, Rashid A, Evans DB. 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