Almanac of Clinical MedicineAlmanac of Clinical MedicineАльманах клинической медицины2072-05052587-9294Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)8310.18786/2072-0505-2015-41-89-96REVIEW ARTICLEОБЗОРNEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS OF THE BRONCHOPULMONARY SYSTEM AND THE THYMUS: MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DIAGNOSISНЕЙРОЭНДОКРИННЫЕ ОПУХОЛИ БРОНХОПУЛЬМОНАЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ И ТИМУСА: МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ДИАГНОСТИКИDelektorskayaV. V.ДелекторскаяВ. В.
Russian Federation

Delektorskaya Vera Vladimirovna – MD, PhD, Head of Histochemistry and Electron Microscopy Laboratory

Делекторская Вера Владимировна –  доктор медицинских наук, заведующая лабораторией гистохимии и электронной микроскопии

delektorskaya@yandex.ruN.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, MoscowРоссийский онкологический научный центр имени Н.Н. Блохина, Москва150920154189961202201612022016Copyright ©; 2015, Delektorskaya V.V.Copyright ©; 2015, Делекторская В.В.2015Delektorskaya V.V.Делекторская В.В.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/83

This review deals with the  analysis of up-to-date concepts  of various types  of human  neuroendocrine tumors of the bronchopulmonary system and the thymus. It summarizes the information on the specifics  of  the  recent  histological  classification from 2015 and  criteria of morphological  diagnosis taking into account  histological and  immuno   data on key molecular markers involved in the development of neuroendocrine tumors of the bronchopulmonary system  and  the  thymus  are  also presented.

Обзор посвящен анализу современных представлений о различных типах нейроэндокринных опухолей бронхопульмональной системы и тимуса.  В нем обобщены  сведения об особенностях  последней  гистологической классификации 2015 года и критериях морфологической  диагностики с учетом гистологических и иммуногистохимических параметров. Обсуждаются вопросы номенклатуры, системы  градации   и  стадирования.   В  свете   этих критериев   представлены  также  данные о  ключевых молекулярных  маркерах, вовлеченных в развитие  нейроэндокринных опухолей легкого и тимуса.

neuroendocrine tumorbronchopulmonary systemthymusdifferentiationgradeimmunohistochemical markersнейроэндокринная опухольбронхопульмональная систематимусдифференцировкастепень злокачественностииммуногистохимические маркеры1. Тер-Ованесов МД, Полоцкий БЕ. Карциноидные опухоли торакальной локализации – современное состояние проблемы. Практическая онкология. 2005;6(4):220–6.2. Öberg K, Hellman P, Ferolla P, Papotti M; ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Neuroendocrine bronchial and thymic tumors: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2012;23 Suppl 7:vii120–3.3. Phan AT, Oberg K, Choi J, Harrison LH Jr, Hassan MM, Strosberg JR, Krenning EP, Kocha W, Woltering EA, Maples WJ; North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (NANETS). NANETS consensus guideline for the diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine tumors: well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of the thorax (includes lung and thymus). Pancreas. 2010;39(6):784–98. doi: 10.1097/ MPA.0b013e3181ec1380.4. Moran CA. Primary neuroendocrine carcinomas of the mediastinum: review of current criteria for histopathologic diagnosis and classification. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2005;22(3):223–9.5. Ferolla P, Falchetti A, Filosso P, Tomassetti P, Tamburrano G, Avenia N, Daddi G, Puma F, Ribacchi R, Santeusanio F, Angeletti G, Brandi ML. Thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid) in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome: the Italian series. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(5):2603–9.6. Travis WD, Brambilla E, Burke AP, Marx A, Nicholson AG. WHO Classification of Tumours of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart. 4th edition. Lyon: IARC; 2015. 412 p.7. Brambilla E, Lantuejoul S. Thoracic neuroendocrine tumors. Ann Pathol. 2005;25(6):529–44.8. Gustafsson BI, Kidd M, Chan A, Malfertheiner MV, Modlin IM. Bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer. 2008;113(1):5–21. doi: 10.1002/cncr.23542.9. Kalhor N, Moran CA. Mediastinal neuroendocrine tumours. Diagn Histopathol. 2010;16(5):237–42. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.mpdhp.2010.03.003.10. Moran CA, Suster S, Coppola D, Wick MR. Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung: a critical analysis. Am J Clin Pathol. 2009;131(2):206–21. doi: 10.1309/AJCP9H1OTMUCSKQW.11. Asamura H, Kameya T, Matsuno Y, Noguchi M, Tada H, Ishikawa Y, Yokose T, Jiang SX, Inoue T, Nakagawa K, Tajima K, Nagai K. Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung: a prognostic spectrum. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(1):70–6.12. Чекини АК, Павловская АИ, Смирнова ЕА. Карциноидные опухоли легких и тимуса. Морфологические особенности. Архив патологии. 2012;(2):40–1.13. Aslan DL, Gulbahce HE, Pambuccian SE, Manivel JC, Jessurun J. Ki-67 immunoreactivity in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms in specimens with extensive crush artifact. Am J Clin Pathol. 2005;123(6):874–8.14. Rindi G, Klersy C, Inzani F, Fellegara G, Ampollini L, Ardizzoni A, Campanini N, Carbognani P, De Pas TM, Galetta D, Granone PL, Righi L, Rusca M, Spaggiari L, Tiseo M, Viale G, Volante M, Papotti M, Pelosi G. Grading the neuroendocrine tumors of the lung: an evidence-based proposal. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2013;21(1):1–16. doi: 10.1530/ERC-13- 0246.15. Rusch VW, Appleman HD, Blackstone E. Lung. In: Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, Fritz AG, Greene FL, Trotti A, editors. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 7th edition. American Joint Commission on Cancer. Springer: Chicago; 2009. p. 253–70.16. Rekhtman N. Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung: an update. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2010;134(11):1628–38. doi: 10.1043/2009- 0583-RAR.1.17. Travis WD. Advances in neuroendocrine lung tumors. Ann Oncol. 2010;21 Suppl 7:vii65–71. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdq380.18. Moran CA, Suster S. Neuroendocrine carcinomas (carcinoid tumor) of the thymus. A clinicopathologic analysis of 80 cases. Am J Clin Pathol. 2000;114(1):100–10.19. Srirajaskanthan R, Toubanakis C, Dusmet M, Caplin ME. A review of thymic tumours. Lung Cancer. 2008;60(1):4–13. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.01.014.20. DeLellis RA, Shin SJ, Treaba OD. Chapter 10: Immunohistology of Endocrine Tumors. In: Dabbs DJ, editor. Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry: Theranostic and Genomic Applications. 3rd edition. Elsevier Inc; 2010. p. 291–329.21. Saqi A, Alexis D, Remotti F, Bhagat G. Usefulness of CDX2 and TTF-1 in differentiating gastrointestinal from pulmonary carcinoids. Am J Clin Pathol. 2005;123(3):394–404.22. Kaufmann O, Dietel M. Expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 in pulmonary and extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas and other neuroendocrine carcinomas of various primary sites. Histopathology. 2000;36(5):415–20.23. Pelosi G, Rodriguez J, Viale G, Rosai J. Typical and atypical pulmonary carcinoid tumor overdiagnosed as small-cell carcinoma on biopsy specimens: a major pitfall in the management of lung cancer patients. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005;29(2):179–87.24. Righi L, Volante M, Rapa I, Scagliotti GV, Papotti M. Neuro-endocrine tumours of the lung. A review of relevant pathological and molecular data. Virchows Arch. 2007;451 Suppl 1:S51–9.25. Pan CC, Jong YJ, Chen YJ. Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of thymic neuroendocrine tumors. Mod Pathol. 2005;18(3):358–64.