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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">7766</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2023-51-021</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL CASES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The potential of electromyography, diagnostic transcranial magnetic stimulation, and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in the combinatory assessment of facial nerve disorders: a literature review and clinical case series</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Возможности электронейромиографии, диагностической транскраниальной магнитной стимуляции и мультипараметрической магнитно-резонансной томографии в комплексной оценке поражения лицевого нерва: обзор литературы и серия клинических наблюдений</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2684-9980</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9813-1529</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenko</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченко</surname><given-names>Наталья Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Head of Radiology Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, заведующая отделением лучевой диагностики</p></bio><email>gmv2006@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8228-518X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6716-4945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novokshonov</surname><given-names>Dmitry Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новокшонов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Radiologist, Radiology Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-рентгенолог отделения лучевой диагностики</p></bio><email>dunov7@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8924-5300</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9667-3210</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Irikova</surname><given-names>Mariia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ирикова</surname><given-names>Мария Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Fellow, Research Department of Functional and Radiological Diagnostic Methods</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>мл. науч. сотр. научно-исследовательского отдела функциональных и лучевых методов диагностики</p></bio><email>dr.bedova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-6796</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2777-6583</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevchenko</surname><given-names>Elena Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевченко</surname><given-names>Елена Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Radiologist, Radiology Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-рентгенолог отделения лучевой диагностики</p></bio><email>e.sheffchenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8277-6050</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6120-3730</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubitsky</surname><given-names>Dmitry L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубицкий</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Леонидович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Head of Computed Tomography Cabinet, Radiologist, Radiology Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, заведующий кабинетом компьютерной томографии, врач-рентгенолог отделения лучевой диагностики</p></bio><email>ddl_spb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0448-7402</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6190-6930</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voitenkov</surname><given-names>Vladislav B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Войтенков</surname><given-names>Владислав Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Head of Functional Diagnostics Department; Associate Professor, Chair of Nervous Diseases and Neurorehabilitation, Academy of Postgraduate Education</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, заведующий отделением функциональной диагностики, доцент кафедры нервных болезней и нейрореабилитации Академии постдипломного образования</p></bio><email>vlad203@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7250-6786</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7705-5960</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alkhazishvili</surname><given-names>Aleksandr V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алхазишвили</surname><given-names>Александр Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Radiologist, Assistant Professor, Chair of Radiology and Medical Visualization</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, врач-рентгенолог, ассистент кафедры лучевой диагностики и медицинской визуализации</p></bio><email>alkhazishvilialex@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8789-4750</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9405-2930</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skripchenko</surname><given-names>Elena Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрипченко</surname><given-names>Елена Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Head of Scientifical Department of Neuroinfections and Organic Pathology of Nervous System; Professor, Chair of Neonatology with Neurology and Obstetrics and Gynecology Courses, Faculty of Postgraduate and Continuing Professional Education</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент, заведующая научно-исследовательским отделом нейроинфекций и органической патологии нервной системы; профессор кафедры неонатологии с курсами неврологии и акушерства-гинекологии факультета послевузовского и дополнительного профессионального образования</p></bio><email>wwave@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий ФМБА России»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">4 St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-08-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>51</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>180</fpage><lpage>191</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-04-14"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-07-19"><day>19</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Marchenko N.V., Novokshonov D.Y., Irikova M.A., Shevchenko E.Y., Dubitsky D.L., Voitenkov V.B., Alkhazishvili A.V., Skripchenko E.Y.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Марченко Н.В., Новокшонов Д.Ю., Ирикова М.А., Шевченко Е.Ю., Дубицкий Д.Л., Войтенков В.Б., Алхазишвили А.В., Скрипченко Е.Ю.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Marchenko N.V., Novokshonov D.Y., Irikova M.A., Shevchenko E.Y., Dubitsky D.L., Voitenkov V.B., Alkhazishvili A.V., Skripchenko E.Y.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Марченко Н.В., Новокшонов Д.Ю., Ирикова М.А., Шевченко Е.Ю., Дубицкий Д.Л., Войтенков В.Б., Алхазишвили А.В., Скрипченко Е.Ю.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/7766">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/7766</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Facial neuropathy (FN) is a complex multicausal problem that, with a seemingly obvious clinical picture, might be challenging to diagnose. Up to 5% of FN cases could be caused by neoplastic or otogenic processes, necessitating an interdisciplinary approach to its treatment by various specialties and in some cases a surgical intervention. In addition, in the early stages of FN, it is difficult to predict its outcomes. Therefore, beyond usual neurological exam and widely used electromyography (EMG), other additional diagnostic tools are used to ensure extended diagnosis, including cancer awareness.</p> <p>In this paper we have analyzed the principles, role and value of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diagnostic transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with EMG, and ultrasound assessment with a high-frequency linear transducer in acute FN. We present our own clinical cases of pediatric patients with FN, who were assessed with EMG and multiparametric MRI including diffusion tensor imaging. These cases illustrate both the abnormalities found in the typical course of Bell's palsy, as well as the abnormalities in neoplasm-associated FN that clinically fully mimic the Bell's palsy. Based on the world experience in multiparametric MRI, including the use of extended protocols in the Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, in case of suspected FN, the most important are high-resolution structural submillimeter sequences based on the gradient echo (SSFP) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Measurement and assessment of fractional anisotropy at the motor nuclei of the facial nerves in the pons look promising for further research. The paper is the first to describe a modified combination diagnostic approach to Bell's palsy with the use of diagnostic transcranial magnetic stimulation with round coil, supramaximal stimulation with identification of the motor evoked response threshold (minimal inducer power to register a reproducible evoked motor response of 50-100 mV in amplitude) in the occipito-parietal area of the ipsilateral muscle.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Будучи комплексной мультиэтиологичной проблемой, невропатия лицевого нерва (НЛН) при кажущейся очевидности клинической картины может представлять значительные трудности для диагностики. До 5% случаев НЛН может быть обусловлено неопластическими и отогенными процессами, что обусловливает необходимость междисциплинарного подхода к лечению заболевания с участием специалистов различных профилей, в ряде случаев с применением хирургической тактики. Кроме того, на ранних этапах развития НЛН ограничены возможности для прогнозирования исхода заболевания. В этой связи для обеспечения целей расширенной диагностики и с позиций онконастороженности помимо осмотра невролога и широко применимой электронейромиографии проводятся другие дополнительные методы исследования.</p> <p>В данной статье мы рассмотрели принципы применения, роль и место компьютерной томографии, магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ), диагностической транскраниальной магнитной стимуляции в сочетании с электронейромиографией, а также ультразвуковой диагностики линейным датчиком высокой частоты при острой НЛН. Описанные собственные клинические наблюдения пациентов детского возраста с НЛН, обследованных при помощи электронейромиографии и мультипараметрической МРТ с использованием диффузионно-тензорной МРТ, иллюстрируют изменения, выявленные при типичном течении паралича Белла, а также изменения при НЛН, ассоциированной с неопластическими процессами, которые клинически полностью имитировали течение паралича Белла. Исходя из мирового опыта применения мультипараметрической МРТ, в том числе и на основании опыта использования расширенных протоколов в ФГБУ ДНКЦИБ ФМБА России, при подозрении на НЛН наиболее важными представляются структурные высокоразрешающие субмиллиметровые последовательности на основе градиентного эха (SSFP) и диффузионно-тензорные последовательности (DTI). Перспективными видятся измерение и оценка фракционной анизотропии на уровне моторных ядер лицевых нервов в варолиевом мосту. Впервые в настоящей публикации мы описали модифицированную методику комплексной диагностики паралича Белла с привлечением диагностической транскраниальной магнитной стимуляции, в рамках которой используется кольцевой койл, проводится супрамаксимальная стимуляция с определением порога вызванного моторного ответа (минимальная мощность индуктора, при которой регистрируется воспроизводимый вызванный моторный ответ амплитудой 50–100 мкВ) в затылочно-теменной области ипсилатерально исследуемой мышце.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Bell's palsy</kwd><kwd>facial neuropathy</kwd><kwd>multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>transcranial magnetic stimulation</kwd><kwd>electromyography</kwd><kwd>facial nerve ultrasonography</kwd><kwd>diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>паралич Белла</kwd><kwd>невропатия лицевого нерва</kwd><kwd>мультипараметрическая магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция</kwd><kwd>электронейромиография</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование лицевого нерва</kwd><kwd>диффузионно-тензорная магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Singh A, Deshmukh P. 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