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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">7712</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2023-51-020</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The informative value of noninvasive tools for assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients under antiviral treatment with nucleoside and nucleotide analogues</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Информативность неинвазивных методов оценки фиброза печени у пациентов с хроническим гепатитом B на фоне противовирусной терапии аналогами нуклеозидов и нуклеотидов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0807-4736</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nguyen</surname><given-names>Thi  Hanh</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нгуен</surname><given-names>Тхи  Хань</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Chair of Hospital Therapy named after G.I. Storozhakov, Faculty of General Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры госпитальной терапии им. Г.И. Сторожакова лечебного факультета</p></bio><email>drhanh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6029-1864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilchenko</surname><given-names>Liudmila Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильченко</surname><given-names>Людмила Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Chair of Hospital Therapy named after G.I. Storozhakov, Faculty of General Medicine; Leading Research Fellow, Laboratory of Modeling Immunobiological Processes</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, профессор кафедры госпитальной терапии им. Г.И. Сторожакова лечебного факультета, вед. науч. сотр. лаборатории моделирования иммунобиологических процессов</p></bio><email>ilchenko-med@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8703-1982</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnikova</surname><given-names>Lubov I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельникова</surname><given-names>Любовь Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Head of Center for Viral Hepatitis Diagnostics and Treatment</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, руководитель Центра диагностики и лечения вирусных гепатитов</p></bio><email>melnikova_li@kb85.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3599-117X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kyuregyan</surname><given-names>Karen K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кюрегян</surname><given-names>Карен Каренович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biol. Sci., Professor of Russ. Acad. Sci., Head of Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор РАН, заведующий лабораторией молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных гепатитов</p></bio><email>karen-kyuregyan@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4551-7535</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordeychuk</surname><given-names>Ilya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гордейчук</surname><given-names>Илья Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Head of Department of Innovative Biotechnological Drugs</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, заведующий отделом инновационных биотехнологических препаратов</p></bio><email>gordeychuk_iv@chumakovs.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune and Biological Products</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАНУ «Федеральный научный центр исследований и разработки иммунобиологических препаратов им. М.П. Чумакова РАН»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinical Hospital No. 85 FMBA of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУЗ «Клиническая больница № 85 ФМБА России»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute of Epidemiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-07-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-08-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>51</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>171</fpage><lpage>179</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-04-13"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-07-18"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Nguyen T.H., Ilchenko L.Y., Melnikova L.I., Kyuregyan K.K., Gordeychuk I.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Нгуен Т.Х., Ильченко Л.Ю., Мельникова Л.И., Кюрегян К.К., Гордейчук И.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nguyen T.H., Ilchenko L.Y., Melnikova L.I., Kyuregyan K.K., Gordeychuk I.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нгуен Т.Х., Ильченко Л.Ю., Мельникова Л.И., Кюрегян К.К., Гордейчук И.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/7712">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/7712</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>: Antiviral therapy (AVT) with nucleoside and nucleotide analogues (NAs) for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is aimed at prevention of the development and progression of fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, monitoring of changes in liver fibrosis over time with noninvasive tests is a necessary prerequisite for the assessment of treatment efficacy. However, there are very few studies on changes of transient elastometry (TE) over time, the calculated indices APRI and FIB-4 under AVT in patients with CHB.</p> <p><bold>Aim</bold>: To assess changes in noninvasive tests (TE, APRI, FIB-4) over time and to identify factors influencing the fibrosis severity in CHB patients treated with NAs.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>: This retrospective study was performed in 42 CHB patients, in whom noninvasive methods (TE, APRI and FIB-4) were used before and during NA-based AVT. The patients were divided into two groups: those with a significant reduction in liver density (SRLD, at least by 25% from their baseline TE) and those without a significant reduction (&lt; 25%).</p> <p><bold>Results</bold>: Virological response was achieved in 38/42 patients after NA-based AVT (mean duration, 21 months). TE values decreased significantly in the patients with severe fibrosis/cirrhosis (F3/F4) (from 14.2 to 8.3 kPa, p = 0.001), with minimal/moderate fibrosis (F1/F2) (from 5.9 to 5.1 kPa, p = 0.009), and in HBeAg-negative patients (from 6.9 to 5.2 kPa, p &lt; 0.001). The F3/F4, F1/F2, HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative patients demonstrated a significant reduction in APRI and FIB-4 indices (all p &lt; 0.05). Higher baseline TE values were independently associated with SRLD (odds ratio 1.324; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.029–1.702; p = 0.029). Baseline TE, APRI, and FIB-4 values positively correlated with their values on treatment (all p &lt; 0.05). The AUROC values of APRI and FIB-4 reduction as SRLD predictors were 0.632 (95% CI 0.457–0.807; p = 0.160) and 0.578 (95% CI 0.391–0.764; p = 0.408), respectively.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion</bold>: NA-based AVT promoted the regression of fibrosis in CHB patients. A high baseline TE value was identified as an independent SRLD predictor. At the same time, despite moderate positive correlations between TE, APRI and FIB-4 parameters, the calculated indexes APRI and FIB-4 cannot be used to predict SRLD. The decrease in liver tissue density by at least 25% correlated only with TE parameters, which makes it possible to recommend TE for monitoring liver fibrosis in CHB patients treated with NA.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность</bold>. Противовирусная терапия (ПВТ) аналогами нуклеозидов и нуклеотидов (АН) хронического гепатита В (ХГВ) направлена на предотвращение развития и прогрессирования фиброза, цирроза печени и гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы. В связи с этим мониторирование динамических изменений фиброза печени с применением неинвазивных методов – необходимое условие оценки эффективности проводимой терапии. Однако исследования, в которых оценивалась бы динамика показателей транзиентной эластометрии (ТЭ), расчетных индексов APRI и FIB-4 на фоне ПВТ у пациентов с ХГВ, весьма малочисленны.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> – оценка динамики показателей неинвазивных методов (ТЭ, APRI, FIB-4) и выявление факторов, влияющих на выраженность фиброза у пациентов с ХГВ, получавших АН.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы</bold>. В ретроспективное исследование включены 42 пациента с ХГВ, которым проводились неинвазивные методы – ТЭ, APRI и FIB-4 – до и во время ПВТ АН. Пациенты были разделены на 2 группы: с выраженным снижением плотности печени (ВСПП) (на 25% и более от исходного значения ТЭ) и без выраженного снижения (&lt; 25%).</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Вирусологический ответ получен у 38 из 42 пациентов после ПВТ АН, длительность которой в среднем составила 21 месяц. Показатели ТЭ значимо снизились у пациентов с выраженным фиброзом/циррозом (F3/F4) (с 14,2 до 8,3 кПа; p = 0,001), с минимальным/умеренным фиброзом (F1/F2) (с 5,9 до 5,1 кПа; p = 0,009) и у HBeAg-негативных пациентов (с 6,9 до 5,2 кПа; р &lt; 0,001). Получены значимые уменьшения индексов APRI и FIB-4 у пациентов с F3/F4 и F1/F2, а также у HBeAg-позитивных и HBeAg-негативных пациентов (p &lt; 0,05 для всех сравнений). Более высокое исходное значение ТЭ было независимо связано с ВСПП (отношение шансов 1,324; 95% доверительный интервал (ДИ) 1,029–1,702; р = 0,029). Были установлены прямые корреляционные связи между показателями ТЭ, APRI и FIB-4 до и во время лечения (p &lt; 0,05 для всех сравнений). Значения AUROC по снижению APRI и FIB-4 для прогнозирования ВСПП составили 0,632 (95% ДИ 0,457–0,807; p = 0,160) и 0,578 (95% ДИ 0,391–0,764; p = 0,408) соответственно.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. ПВТ АН способствовала регрессии фиброза у пациентов с ХГВ. Высокое исходное значение ТЭ было определено как независимый фактор ВСПП. Вместе с тем, несмотря на наличие умеренных прямых корреляций, установленных между показателями ТЭ, АPRI и FIB-4, расчетные индексы APRI и FIB-4 не могут использоваться для прогноза ВСПП. Зависимость между снижением плотности ткани печени на 25% и более получена лишь в отношении показателей ТЭ, что позволяет рекомендовать ТЭ для мониторирования фиброза печени у пациентов с ХГВ, получающих ПВТ АН.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic hepatitis B</kwd><kwd>transient elastometry</kwd><kwd>calculated indexes of liver fibrosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хронический гепатит В</kwd><kwd>транзиентная эластометрия</kwd><kwd>расчетные индексы фиброза печени</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>World Health Organization. Hepatitis B [Internet]. 2023 Jul 12. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>European Association for the Study of the Liver. Electronic address: easloffice@easloffice.eu; European Association for the Study of the Liver. 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