Almanac of Clinical MedicineAlmanac of Clinical MedicineАльманах клинической медицины2072-05052587-9294Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)75310.18786/2072-0505-2018-46-1-23-31REVIEW ARTICLEОБЗОРGlobal epidemiology of celiac diseaseЭпидемиология целиакии в миреBykovaS. V.БыковаС. В.
Russian Federation

Svetlana V. Bykova – MD, PhD, Head of the Department of Noninflammatory Bowel Diseases. 86 Shosse Entuziastov, Moscow, 111123

 

Быкова Светлана Владимировна – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая отделением невоспалительной патологии кишечника.

111123, Москва, ш. Энтузиастов, 86

ParfenovA. I.ПарфеновА. И.
Russian Federation

Asfold I. Parfenov – MD, PhD, Professor, Head of Department of Bowel Diseases.

86 Shosse Entuziastov, Moscow, 111123, +7 (495) 304 30 14

Парфенов Асфольд Иванович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий отделом патологии кишечника.

111123, Москва, ш. Энтузиастов, 86, +7 (495) 304 30 14

asfold@mail.ruSabel'nikovaE. A.СабельниковаЕ. А.
Russian Federation

Elena A. Sabel'nikova – MD, PhD, Deputy Director on Science.

86 Shosse Entuziastov, Moscow, 111123

Сабельникова Елена Анатольевна – доктор медицинских наук, заместитель директора по научной работе.

111123, Москва, ш. Энтузиастов, 86

Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow Healthcare DepartmentГБУЗ Московский клинический научно-практический центр имени А.С. Логинова Департамента здравоохранения Москвы2004201846123311804201818042018Copyright ©; 2018, Bykova S.V., Parfenov A.I., Sabel'nikova E.A.Copyright ©; 2018, Быкова С.В., Парфенов А.И., Сабельникова Е.А.2018Bykova S.V., Parfenov A.I., Sabel'nikova E.A.Быкова С.В., Парфенов А.И., Сабельникова Е.А.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/753

The review presents the data on the prevalence of celiac disease in various world regions. The numbers of patients with celiac disease continues to rise every year. According to some authors, this is to be related not only to improvement in diagnosis, but to other extrinsic factors, as well, that require additional studies. In the 1980s the prevalence of this disease was 1.05%, and by the beginning of 2000s, it amounted to 1.99%. In particular, from 1993 to 2002 in Britain its incidence increased from 6 to 13.3 per 100,000. Both raised awareness of doctors and conduction of epidemiological studies play a decisive role in the improvement of the diagnosis of celiac disease. The information cumulated up to now makes it possible to conclude that the highest diagnostic rates of celiac disease can be found in the risk groups. They include 1st and 2nd degree relatives of patients with celiac disease, patients with autoimmune disorders (type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyroiditis); those with clinical signs of an intestinal disorder, such as chronic diarrhea, as well as patients with anemia, osteoporosis and high transaminase levels of unknown origin. According to the Finnish epidemiological study, the prevalence of celiac disease, depending on the risk group, may vary from 6.6 to 16.3%. The guidelines by the American College of Gastroenterology, British Society of Gastroenterology, North-American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, and the Russian Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Celiac Disease in Adults and Children all recommend thorough examination of patients from the risk groups. Active diagnosis of celiac disease (screening) has been recognized as one of the approaches to primary prevention to autoimmune disorders and cancer.

В обзоре приведены сведения о  распространенности целиакии в различных регионах мира. Количество больных целиакией продолжает увеличиваться с каждым годом. По мнению некоторых авторов, это связано не только с улучшением диагностики, но и с другими внешними факторами, требующими дополнительного исследования. Если в 80-х гпрошлого века распространенность этого заболевания составляла 1,05%, то в начале 2000-х данный показатель достиг 1,99%. В частности, в Великобритании в период с 1993 по 2002 заболеваемость возросла с 6 до 13,3 на 100 тыс. Решающую роль в улучшении диагностики целиакии играет повышение осведомленности врачей о заболевании и проведение эпидемиологических исследований. Накопленная к  настоящему времени информация дает основания утверждать, что наибольшая частота выявления целиакии отмечена в группах риска, к которым относят родственников первой и второй степени родства больных целиакией; больных с аутоиммунной патологией (сахарный диабет 1-го  типа, аутоиммунный тиреоидит); больных с клинической симптоматикой со стороны кишечника  – хроническими поносами, а  также с  анемией, остеопорозом; больных с гипертрансаминаземией неуточненной этиологии. По данным эпидемиологического исследования, проведенного в Финляндии, частота целиакии в зависимости от группы риска варьирует от 6,6 до 16,3%. Тщательное обследование пациентов из групп риска предписывается рекомендациями Американской ассоциации гастроэнтерологов, Британского общества гастроэнтерологов, Североамериканского общества педиатрической гастроэнтерологии, Всероссийским консенсусом по диагностике и  лечению целиакии взрослых и детей. Активная диагностика (скрининг) целиакии признана одним из способов первичной профилактики аутоиммунных и онкологических заболеваний.

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