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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">613</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2017-45-5-366-376</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Pruritus in chronic cholestatic liver diseases</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Кожный зуд при хронических холестатических заболеваниях печени</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinnitskaya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Винницкая</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vinnitskaya Elena V. – MD, PhD, Head of Research Department of Hepatology.</p><p>86 Shosse Entuziastov, Moscow, 111123, +7 (909) 905 90 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Винницкая Елена Владимировна – доктор медицинских наук, руководитель научно-исследовательского отдела гепатологии.</p><p>111123, Москва, ш. Энтузиастов, 86, +7 (909) 905 90 42</p></bio><email>e.vinnitskaya@mknc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sandler</surname><given-names>Yu. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сандлер</surname><given-names>Ю. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sandler Yuliya G. – MD, PhD, Senior Research Fellow, Research Department of Hepatology.</p><p>86 Shosse Entuziastov, Moscow, 111123</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сандлер Юлия Григорьевна – кандидат медицинских наук, ст. научный сотрудник, научно-исследовательский отдел гепатологии.</p><p>111123, Москва, ш. Энтузиастов, 86</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Keyan</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кейян</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Keyan Vitaliya A. – Research Fellow, Research Department of Hepatology.</p><p>86 Shosse Entuziastov, Moscow, 111123</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кейян Виталия Александровна – научный сотрудник, научно-исследовательский отдел гепатологии.</p><p>111123, Москва, ш. Энтузиастов, 86</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaymenova</surname><given-names>T. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайменова</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khaymenova Tat'yana Yu. – MD, PhD, Head of Department of Chronic Liver Disorders.</p><p>86 Shosse Entuziastov, Moscow, 111123</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хайменова Татьяна Юрьевна – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая отделением хронических заболеваний печени.</p><p>111123, Москва, ш. Энтузиастов, 86</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Orlova Elizaveta A. – Resident, Department of Chronic Liver Disorders.</p><p>86 Shosse Entuziastov, Moscow, 111123</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Орлова Елизавета Андреевна – врач-ординатор, отделение хронических заболеваний печени.</p><p>111123, Москва, ш. Энтузиастов, 86</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polukhina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полухина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polukhina Anastasiya V. – Research Fellow, Research Department of Hepatology.</p><p>86 Shosse Entuziastov, Moscow, 111123</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полухина Анастасия Владимировна – научный сотрудник, научно-исследовательский отдел гепатологии.</p><p>111123, Москва, ш. Энтузиастов, 86</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gendrikson</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гендриксон</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gendrikson Larisa N. – MD, PhD, Senior Research Fellow, Research Department of Hepatology.</p><p>86 Shosse Entuziastov, Moscow, 111123</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гендриксон Лариса Николаевна – кандидат медицинских наук, ст. научный сотрудник, научно-исследовательский отдел гепатологии.</p><p>111123, Москва, ш. Энтузиастов, 86</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ Московский клинический научно-практический центр имени А.С. Логинова Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-08-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>45</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>366</fpage><lpage>376</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-12-01"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2017-12-01"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, Vinnitskaya E.V., Sandler Y.G., Keyan V.A., Khaymenova T.Y., Orlova E.A., Polukhina A.V., Gendrikson L.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, Винницкая Е.В., Сандлер Ю.Г., Кейян В.А., Хайменова Т.Ю., Орлова Е.А., Полухина А.В., Гендриксон Л.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vinnitskaya E.V., Sandler Y.G., Keyan V.A., Khaymenova T.Y., Orlova E.A., Polukhina A.V., Gendrikson L.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Винницкая Е.В., Сандлер Ю.Г., Кейян В.А., Хайменова Т.Ю., Орлова Е.А., Полухина А.В., Гендриксон Л.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/613">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/613</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pruritus can be a prominent symptom  in patients with chronic liver disorders, especially those  with cholestasis,  and  substantially  affects  quality  of life. Management of pruritus  in cholestatic  liver diseases  remains  a  complicated   medical  problem. The review article deals with pathophysiological mechanisms of pruritus in cholestatic liver diseases, in particular, with the role of bile acids, endogenous opioids, serotonin, and histamine. There is new data on the key pathophysiological elements, such as neuronal activation lysophosphatidic acid and autotaxin, an enzyme that produces lysophosphatidic acid and whose serum activity is associated with the intensity of pruritus. Pathophysiology-based management approaches include administration of anionic exchange resin cholestyramine, ursodeoxycholic acid, rifampicin agonists, an opioid antagonist naltrexone and a  serotonin-reuptake inhibitor sertraline. These agents are recommended for the use as a stepped treatment algorithm. Patients who do not respond to these therapies can become candidates for albumin dialysis, plasmapheresis, ultraviolet B phototherapy, or need some other individualized approaches. New knowledge on the pathophysiology of pruritus may potentially result in the development of new agents for cholestatic pruritus.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Кожный зуд может быть доминирующим  симптомом у пациентов с хроническими заболеваниями печени, особенно при холестазе, и существенно влиять на качество жизни. Управление зудом  при  холестатических  заболеваниях печени остается сложной медицинской проблемой. В обзорной  статье рассматриваются звенья  патогенеза  кожного  зуда при  холестатических  заболеваниях   печени,   в  частности роль желчных кислот, эндогенных опиоидов, серотонина,   гистамина.   Есть   новые   данные о ключевых патофизиологических  элементах: нейроновой активаторной лизофосфатидной кислоте и аутотаксине, ферменте, образующем лизофосфатидную кислоту, активность которого в сыворотке коррелирует с интенсивностью зуда. Исходя из патогенеза, варианты  лечения пациентов  включают в себя  анионообменную смолу холестирамин, урсодезоксихолевую  кислоту, агонисты рифампицина, антагонисты опиоидов налтрексон и сертралин, ингибирующие обратный  захват  серотонина.  Эти препараты рекомендуется   использовать   как  поэтапный терапевтический  алгоритм. Пациенты, не отвечающие на данные  схемы, могут быть кандидатами на такие варианты лечения, как диализ альбумина, плазмаферез, фототерапию ультрафиолетовыми лучами спектра Б, или нуждаться в применении  других индивидуальных  подходов. Возможно, новые знания о патогенезе зуда приведут к разработке новых препаратов при холестатическом зуде.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cholestatic liver diseases</kwd><kwd>pruritus</kwd><kwd>cholestyramine</kwd><kwd>ursodeoxycholic acid</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>холестатические заболевания печени</kwd><kwd>кожный зуд</kwd><kwd>холестирамин</kwd><kwd>урсодезоксихолевая кислота</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Mells GF, Pells G, Newton JL, Bathgate AJ, Burroughs AK, Heneghan MA, Neuberger JM, Day DB, Ducker SJ, Sandford RN, Alexander GJ, Jones DE; UK-PBC Consortium. 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