<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">5549</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2023-51-003</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Stroke and peripheral vestibulopathy as a part of acute vestibular syndrome</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инсульт и периферическая вестибулопатия в рамках острого вестибулярного синдрома</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-1128</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Isakova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исакова</surname><given-names>Елена Валентиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Chair of Neurology, Postgraduate Training Faculty</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры неврологии факультета усовершенствования врачей</p></bio><email>isakovael@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-03-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-05-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>51</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-02-16"><day>16</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-03-13"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Isakova E.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Исакова Е.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Isakova E.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Исакова Е.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/5549">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/5549</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The scope of the review is the problem of differential diagnosis between stroke and peripheral vestibulopathy in patients with acute vestibular vertigo. A vertebrobasilar stroke manifesting with the isolated vertigo has been previously recognized to be extremely rare, and the symptoms have been related to the involvement of peripheral parts of the vestibular analyzer. Recently there has been growing evidence that the isolated vertigo syndrome is commonly related to the central involvement of the vestibular analyzer. The author presents published clinical cases of acute cerebrovascular accident with a single symptom of acute vestibular vertigo. It can be also a symptom of a hemispheric stroke due to an injury of vestibular pathways connecting the vestibular nuclei with the parietal cortex. These observations extend the understanding of the common classic pathognomonic picture of central vestibular vertigo, which implies that its development is related exclusively to the brain matter lesion in vestibulobasilar stroke.</p> <p>Current clinical rating scales and tests (NIHSS, FAST) used for the diagnosis of an acute stroke, are frequently not sensitive to the vertebrobasilar stroke, and neuroimaging, including brain magnetic resonance imaging at DWI mode, may give false negative results. The most informative differential diagnostic method in acute vestibular syndrome is an otoneurological assessment including identification of nystagmus characteristics and head turn impulse test, for the assessment of vestibuloocular reflex and at bed tests (for example, tests included into the HINTS PLUS protocol). In this regard, it is important that neurology specialists in regional vascular centers and departments for acute cerebrovascular care should master the otoneurological assessment skills.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обзор посвящен проблеме дифференциальной диагностики инсульта и периферической вестибулопатии при развитии у пациентов острого вестибулярного головокружения. Ранее инсульт в вертебрально-базилярном бассейне, проявляющийся симптомом так называемого изолированного головокружения, считали чрезвычайно редким, а симптоматику связывали с поражением периферического отдела вестибулярного анализатора. В последнее время, напротив, появляется все больше доказательств того, что симптом изолированного головокружения часто связан с центральным поражением вестибулярного анализатора. Автор приводит примеры опубликованных клинических наблюдений острого нарушения мозгового кровообращения, единственным проявлением которого было остро развившееся вестибулярное головокружение. Оно также может быть симптомом инсульта полушарной локализации за счет повреждения вестибуло-кортикальных путей, связывающих вестибулярные ядра с корой теменной доли. Эти наблюдения расширяют взгляды на общепринятую классическую патогномоничную картину центрального вестибулярного головокружения, согласно которой его развитие обусловлено исключительно очагом поражения вещества головного мозга при инсульте в вертебрально-базилярном бассейне.</p> <p>В случае развития инсульта в вертебрально-базилярном бассейне современные клинические оценочные шкалы и тесты (шкала NIHSS, тест FAST), используемые при диагностике острого инсульта, часто оказываются нечувствительными, а нейровизуализационное исследование, в том числе с применением магнитно-резонансной томографии головного мозга в режиме DWI, может давать ложноотрицательный результат. Наиболее информативным методом дифференциальной диагностики при остром вестибулярном синдроме признано отоневрологическое обследование, включающее определение особенностей нистагма и пробу Хальмаги для оценки вестибулоокулярного рефлекса и пособия непосредственно «у постели больного» (например, тесты, входящие в протокол HINTS Plus). В этой связи подчеркнута важность освоения навыков отоневрологического осмотра специалистами-неврологами региональных сосудистых центров и отделений для лечения больных с острым нарушением мозгового кровообращения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dizziness</kwd><kwd>vestibular vertigo</kwd><kwd>isolated vestibular vertigo</kwd><kwd>stroke in the vertebrobasilar basin</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>головокружение</kwd><kwd>вестибулярное головокружение</kwd><kwd>изолированное вестибулярное головокружение</kwd><kwd>инсульт в вертебрально-базилярном бассейне</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Saha K. Vertigo Related to Central Nervous System Disorders. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2021;27(2):447–467. doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000933.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Turner H, Lavender C, Rea P. Sudden-onset dizziness and vertigo symptoms: assessment and management of vestibular causes. Br J Gen Pract. 2020 May;70(695):310–311. doi: 10.3399/bjgp20X710369.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Neuhauser HK. The epidemiology of dizziness and vertigo. Handb Clin Neurol. 2016;137:67–82. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63437-5.00005-4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Hotson JR, Baloh RW. Acute vestibular syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1998;339(10):680–685. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199809033391007.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Zwergal A, Dieterich M. Vertigo and dizziness in the emergency room. Curr Opin Neurol. 2020;33(1):117–125. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000769.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Kerber KA, Brown DL, Lisabeth LD, Smith MA, Morgenstern LB. Stroke among patients with dizziness, vertigo, and imbalance in the emergency department: a population-based study. Stroke. 2006;37(10):2484–2487. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000240329.48263.0d.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Navi BB, Kamel H, Shah MP, Grossman AW, Wong C, Poisson SN, Whetstone WD, Josephson SA, Johnston SC, Kim AS. Rate and predictors of serious neurologic causes of dizziness in the emergency department. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012;87(11):1080–1088. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.05.023.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Kim JS, Bae HJ, Kim M, Ahn S, Sohn CH, Seo DW, Kim WY. Stroke prediction in patients presenting with isolated dizziness in the emergency department. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):6114. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85725-1.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Kim SH, Kim HJ, Kim JS. Isolated vestibular syndromes due to brainstem and cerebellar lesions. J Neurol. 2017;264(Suppl 1):63–69. doi: 10.1007/s00415-017-8455-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parfenov VA, Kulesh AA, Demin DA, Guseva AL, Vinogradov OI. [Vestibular vertigo in stroke and vestibular neuronitis]. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova [Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakov]. 2021;121(12-2):41–49. Russian. doi: https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202112112241.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Парфенов ВА, Кулеш АА, Демин ДА, Гусева АЛ, Виноградов ОИ. Вестибулярное головокружение при инсульте и вестибулярном нейроните. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. Спецвыпуски. 2021;121(12-2):41–49. doi: https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202112112241.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Tuna MA, Rothwell PM; Oxford Vascular Study. Diagnosis of non-consensus transient ischaemic attacks with focal, negative, and non-progressive symptoms: population-based validation by investigation and prognosis. Lancet. 2021;397(10277):902–912. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31961-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Choi KD, Kim JS. Vascular vertigo: updates. J Neurol. 2019;266(8):1835–1843. doi: 10.1007/s00415-018-9040-3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Hwang DY, Silva GS, Furie KL, Greer DM. Comparative sensitivity of computed tomography vs. magnetic resonance imaging for detecting acute posterior fossa infarct. J Emerg Med. 2012;42(5):559–565. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2011.05.101.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Newman-Toker DE, Della Santina CC, Blitz AM. Vertigo and hearing loss. Handb Clin Neurol. 2016;136:905–921. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53486-6.00046-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Makin SD, Doubal FN, Dennis MS, Wardlaw JM. Clinically Confirmed Stroke With Negative Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Longitudinal Study of Clinical Outcomes, Stroke Recurrence, and Systematic Review. Stroke. 2015;46(11):3142–3148. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.010665.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Morita S, Suzuki M, Iizuka K. False-negative diffusion-weighted MRI in acute cerebellar stroke. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2011;38(5):577–582. doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2011.01.017.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Saber Tehrani AS, Kattah JC, Mantokoudis G, Pula JH, Nair D, Blitz A, Ying S, Hanley DF, Zee DS, Newman-Toker DE. Small strokes causing severe vertigo: frequency of false-negative MRIs and nonlacunar mechanisms. Neurology. 2014;83(2):169–173. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000573.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Noij KS, Shapiro SB, Samy RN, Naples JG. Vertigo: Streamlining the Evaluation through Symptom Localization. Med Clin North Am. 2021;105(5):901–916. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.05.011.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Pfieffer ML, Anthamatten A, Glassford M. Assessment and treatment of dizziness and vertigo. Nurse Pract. 2019;44(10):29–36. doi: 10.1097/01.NPR.0000579744.73514.4b.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Olivato S, Nizzoli S, Cavazzuti M, Casoni F, Nichelli PF, Zini A. e-NIHSS: an Expanded National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Weighted for Anterior and Posterior Circulation Strokes. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2016;25(12):2953–2957. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.08.011.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Flossmann E, Rothwell PM. Prognosis of vertebrobasilar transient ischaemic attack and minor stroke. Brain. 2003;126(Pt 9):1940–1954. doi: 10.1093/brain/awg197.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zamergrad MV, Guseva AL, Shapovalova MV. [Bedside examination elderly patient with vertigo and dizziness]. Russian Journal of Geriatric Medicine. 2020;(3):212–216. Russian. doi: 10.37586/2686-8636-3-2020-212-216.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Замерград МВ, Гусева АЛ, Шаповалова МВ. Алгоритм клинического обследования пожилого больного с головокружением. Российский журнал гериатрической медицины. 2020;(3):212–216. doi: 10.37586/2686-8636-3-2020-212-216.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antonenko LM, Parfenov VA. [Vestibular vertigo]. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova [Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakov]. 2020;120(6):125–130. Russian. doi: 10.17116/jnevro2020120061125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антоненко ЛМ, Парфенов ВА. Вестибулярное головокружение. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2020;120(6):125–130. doi: 10.17116/jnevro2020120061125.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Johkura K. [Vertigo and dizziness]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2021;61(5):279–287. Japanese. doi: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001570.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zamergrad MV, Grachev SP, Gergova AA. [Acute vestibular disorder in the elderly: stroke or peripheral vestibulopathy]. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova [Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakov]. 2018;118(6-2):46–49. Russian. doi: 10.17116/jnevro201811806246.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Замерград МВ, Грачев СП, Гергова АА. Острое вестибулярное головокружение в пожилом возрасте: инсульт или периферическая вестибулопатия. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. C.C. Корсакова. 2018;118(6-2):46–49. doi: 10.17116/jnevro201811806246.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Kattah JC. Use of HINTS in the acute vestibular syndrome. An Overview. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2018;3(4):190–196. doi: 10.1136/svn-2018-000160.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Krishnan K, Bassilious K, Eriksen E, Bath PM, Sprigg N, Brækken SK, Ihle-Hansen H, Horn MA, Sandset EC. Posterior circulation stroke diagnosis using HINTS in patients presenting with acute vestibular syndrome: A systematic review. Eur Stroke J. 2019;4(3):233–239. doi: 10.1177/2396987319843701.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Korda A, Zamaro E, Wagner F, Morrison M, Caversaccio MD, Sauter TC, Schneider E, Mantokoudis G. Acute vestibular syndrome: is skew deviation a central sign? J Neurol. 2022;269(3):1396–1403. doi: 10.1007/s00415-021-10692-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Hanna J, Malhotra A, Brauer PR, Luryi A, Michaelides E. A comparison of benign positional vertigo and stroke patients presenting to the emergency department with vertigo or dizziness. Am J Otolaryngol. 2019;40(6):102263. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2019.07.007.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Kim HA, Lee H, Kim JS. Vertigo Due to Vascular Mechanisms. Semin Neurol. 2020;40(1):67–75. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-3402737.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Lee H, Kim JS, Chung EJ, Yi HA, Chung IS, Lee SR, Shin JY. Infarction in the territory of anterior inferior cerebellar artery: spectrum of audiovestibular loss. Stroke. 2009;40(12):3745–3751. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.564682.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zamergrad MV, Artemev DV, Levin OS. [Vestibular vertigo in hemispheric strokes]. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova [Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakov]. 2017;117(8-2):27–31. Russian. doi: 10.17116/jnevro20171178227-31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Замерград МВ, Артемьев ДВ, Левин ОС. Вестибулярное головокружение при полушарных инсультах. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. C.C. Корсакова. 2017;117(8-2):27–31. doi: 10.17116/jnevro20171178227-31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Araki K, Takeuchi R, Katada F, Fukutake T. Rotatory Vertigo Caused by a Small Hemorrhage in the Superior Temporal Gyrus. Intern Med. 2020;59(23):3067–3069. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5112-20.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>von Brevern M, Süßmilch S, Zeise D. Acute vertigo due to hemispheric stroke: a case report and comprehensive review of the literature. J Neurol Sci. 2014;339(1–2):153–156. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.02.005.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Eguchi S, Hirose G, Miaki M. Vestibular symptoms in acute hemispheric strokes. J Neurol. 2019;266(8):1852–1858. doi: 10.1007/s00415-019-09342-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Dieterich M, Brandt T. Why acute unilateral vestibular cortex lesions mostly manifest without vertigo. Neurology. 2015;84(16):1680–1684. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001501.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Cantone M, Lanza G, Bella R, Pennisi G, Santalucia P, Bramanti P, Pennisi M. Fear and disgust: case report of two uncommon emotional disturbances evoked by visual disperceptions after a right temporal-insular stroke. BMC Neurol. 2019;19(1):193. doi: 10.1186/s12883-019-1417-0.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Dieterich M, Brandt T. The parietal lobe and the vestibular system. Handb Clin Neurol. 2018;151:119–140. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63622-5.00006-1.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Hitier M, Besnard S, Smith PF. Vestibular pathways involved in cognition. Front Integr Neurosci. 2014;8:59. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2014.00059.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
