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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">536</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2017-45-3-172-180</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Anesthetic preconditioning in cardiac surgery</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анестетическое прекондиционирование в кардиохирургии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimenko</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасименко</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Anesthesiologist, Department of Anesthesia</p><p>61/2–15 Shchepkina ul., Moscow, 129110, Russian Federation. Tel.: +7 (495) 631 05 91</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог отделения анестезиологии</p><p>129110, г. Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2–15, Российская Федерация Тел.: +7 (495) 631 05 91</p></bio><email>ol.gerasimencko2013@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grebenchikov</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гребенчиков</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Senior Research Fellow, Department of Intensive Care</p><p>61/2 Shchepkina ul., Moscow, 129110, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии</p><p>129110, г. Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2, Российская Федерация</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovezov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овезов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Head of Department of Anesthesiology, Head of the Chair of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Training Faculty</p><p>61/2 Shchepkina ul., Moscow, 129110, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, руководитель отделения анестезиологии, заведующий кафедройанестезиологии и реаниматологии факультета усовершенствования врачей</p><p>129110, г. Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2, Российская Федерация</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokoshev</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прокошев</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Chief of Department of Anesthesiology</p><p>61/2 Shchepkina ul., Moscow, 129110, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, заведующий отделением анестезиологии</p><p>129110, г. Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2, Российская Федерация</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Likhvantsev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лихванцев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Head of Department of Intensive Care</p><p>61/2 Shchepkina ul., Moscow, 129110, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, руководитель отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии</p><p>129110, г. Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2, Российская Федерация</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический  институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-04-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>45</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>172</fpage><lpage>180</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-06-03"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2017</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2017-06-03"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, Gerasimenko O.N., Grebenchikov O.A., Ovezov A.M., Prokoshev P.V., Likhvantsev V.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, Герасименко О.Н., Гребенчиков О.А., Овезов А.М., Прокошев П.В., Лихванцев В.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gerasimenko O.N., Grebenchikov O.A., Ovezov A.M., Prokoshev P.V., Likhvantsev V.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Герасименко О.Н., Гребенчиков О.А., Овезов А.М., Прокошев П.В., Лихванцев В.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/536">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/536</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The problem of myocardial protection in cardiac surgery is a challenge due to an increased number of interventions and severity of their complications related to the patient's status, pathophysiology of the artificial circulation and the used techniques for replacement of vital functions. Oxidative stress and formation of active oxygen species, as a consequence of the above mentioned processes, may result in systemic injury, such as acute heart failure, central nervous system dysfunction and acute renal injury. Short ischemic episodes before prolonged hypoxia with subsequent reperfusion can decrease cardiomyocyte injury. This phenomenon has been referred to as ischemic preconditioning. A similar effect is caused by inhalation anesthetics. Experimental and clinical data on anesthetic preconditioning suggest that inhalation anesthesia with halogen-containing agents may be used as a method to protect the myocardium from damage by active oxygen species produced during the periods of oxidative stress in cardiac surgery. Studies analyzed in this review have shown benefits of inhalation anesthetics, compared to total intravenous anesthesia, such as effective cardiac protection and, what is most important, in potential reduction of mortality after coronary bypass grafting. The level of evidence for the effects of anesthetic preconditioning on long-term mortality in these studies was not high enough; therefore, a large multicenter randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm these results.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Проблема защиты миокарда в кардиохирургии актуальна в связи с возросшим числом вмешательств и тяжестью их осложнений, обусловленных состоянием пациента, патофизиологией искусственного кровообращения и применяемых методов протезирования жизненных функций. Окислительный стресс и образующиеся активные формы кислорода, будучи следствием указанных процессов, ведут к системным повреждениям: острой сердечной недостаточности, нарушению функции центральной нервной системы, острому почечному повреждению. Короткие эпизоды ишемии перед длительной гипоксией с последующей реперфузией уменьшают повреждение кардиомиоцитов. Этот феномен получил название ишемического прекондиционирования. Схожий эффект вызывают ингаляционные анестетики. Экспериментальные и клинические данные, полученные при изучении анестетического прекондиционирования, дают основания рассматривать ингаляционную анестезию галогенсодержащими препаратами как способ защиты миокарда от повреждающего воздействия активных форм кислорода, образующихся при окислительном стрессе в кардиохирургии. Рассмотренные в обзоре исследования показали преимущества ингаляционных анестетиков перед тотальной внутривенной анестезией в эффективности кардиопротекции, а самое главное, в возможном уменьшении летальности у пациентов после аортокоронарного шунтирования. Уровень доказательности влияния анестетического прекондиционирования на отдаленную смертность в данных исследованиях недостаточно высок, поэтому для подтверждения указанных результатов необходимо проведение большого многоцентрового рандомизированного контролируемого исследования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>active oxygen species</kwd><kwd>inhalation anesthesia</kwd><kwd>intravenous anesthesia</kwd><kwd>anesthetic preconditioning</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>активные формы кислорода</kwd><kwd>ингаляционная анестезия</kwd><kwd>внутривенная анестезия</kwd><kwd>анестетическое прекондиционирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Herbertson M. Recombinant activated factor VII in cardiac surgery. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2004;15 Suppl 1:S31–2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>2. 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