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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">436</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2016-44-4-23-24</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">TRABECULAR BONE SCORE – A NON-INVASIVE ANALYTICAL METHOD TO EVALUATE BONE QUALITY BASED ON ROUTINE DUAL-ENERGY ABSORPTIOMETRY. PERSPECTIVES OF ITS USE IN CLINICAL PRACTICE</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ТРАБЕКУЛЯРНЫЙ КОСТНЫЙ ИНДЕКС – НЕИНВАЗИВНЫЙ МЕТОД ОЦЕНКИ КАЧЕСТВА КОСТНОЙ ТКАНИ НА ОСНОВАНИИ РУТИННОЙ ДВУХЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕНСИТОМЕТРИИ. ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsoriev</surname><given-names>T. T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цориев</surname><given-names>Т. Т.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Postgraduate Student, Department of Neuroendocrinology and Osteopathies,</p><p>11 Dmitriya Ul'yanova ul., Moscow, 117036</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант отделения нейроэндокринологии и остеопатий,</p><p>117036, г. Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, 11</p></bio><email>timur.tsoriev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belaya</surname><given-names>Zh. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белая</surname><given-names>Ж. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Chief Research Fellow, Head of Department of Neuroendocrinology and Osteopathies,</p><p>11 Dmitriya Ul'yanova ul., Moscow, 117036</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, гл. науч. сотр., заведующая отделением нейроэндокринологии и остеопатий,</p><p>117036, г. Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, 11</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mel'nichenko</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельниченко</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Member of Russ. Acad. Sci., MD, PhD, Professor, Director of Institute of Clinical Endocrinology,</p><p>11 Dmitriya Ul'yanova ul., Moscow, 117036</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик РАН, д-р мед. наук, профессор, директор Института клинической эндокринологии,</p><p>117036, г. Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, 11</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Endocrinology Research Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Эндокринологический научный центр» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>44</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>462</fpage><lpage>476</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-12-22"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2016-12-22"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Tsoriev T.T., Belaya Z.E., Mel'nichenko G.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Цориев Т.Т., Белая Ж.Е., Мельниченко Г.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tsoriev T.T., Belaya Z.E., Mel'nichenko G.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Цориев Т.Т., Белая Ж.Е., Мельниченко Г.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/436">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/436</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Two-dimensional dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, osteodensitometry) is currently considered as the gold standard for diagnosis of osteoporosis. However, despite good operational characteristics, this type of investigation cannot help to assess bone microarchitecture and the degree of its derangement in osteoporosis. Therefore, trabecular bone score (TBS) has been developed as a  non-invasive method of indirect description of bone microarchitecture based on data derived from a  standard DXA of the lumbar spine. Not being a direct mapping of the physical measurements of trabecular microarchitecture, TBS nevertheless shows a positive correlation with quantitative values obtained from micro-computed tomography and high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, i.e. with the bone volume fraction, junction density, trabecular numbers and their disintegration. There is also an association between the ability of the bone tissue to resist stress in experimental studies ex vivo and TBS measurement. Due to TBS, there is a possibility to detect bone microarchitecture impairment even in individuals with normal bone mineral density (BMD), i.e. higher TBS values correlate with improved bone microstructure, whereas a  reduced TBS shows its deterioration. Limitation of TBS use are primarily related to the DXA image quality: image faults caused either by technical reasons or by too low or too high body mass index can lead to an overestimation/underestimation of the index. Assessment of the lumbar TBS has been repeatedly performed in cross-sectional and prospective studies in representative patient samples (mainly postmenopausal women) and significant numbers of healthy subjects, and proved to be a predictor (independent of BMD) of fracture risk. An evaluation of the possibility to use TBS for early diagnosis of secondary osteoporosis (related to various endocrine disorders)  would be of great interest, as BMD, as known from clinical practice, is not always a  reliable measurement of the bone endurance, especially in diabetes, steroid osteoporosis and acromegaly.  The use of TBS along with BMD as a  marker of efficacy of current treatment for secondary osteoporosis is also possible, but it is not yet evidence-based; therefore, research has to be continued.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>На сегодняшний день «золотым стандартом» диагностики остеопороза является двухэнергетическая рентгеновская абсорбциометрия (остеоденситометрия). Но, несмотря на хорошие операционные характеристики, данный вид исследования не позволяет оценить микроструктуру костной ткани и степень ее повреждения в  ходе развития остеопороза. В  связи с этим был разработан трабекулярный костный индекс (ТКИ, Trabecular Bone Score – TBS) – неинвазивный метод непрямого описания костной микроархитектоники на основании данных, полученных в ходе стандартной остеоденситометрии поясничного отдела позвоночника. Не являясь прямым отображением физических измерений трабекулярной микроархитектоники, показатели ТКИ, тем не менее, демонстрируют положительную корреляционную зависимость с  количественными показателями, получаемыми при микрокомпьютерной томографии и периферической количественной компьютерной томографии высокого разрешения, а  именно с  фракцией костного объема, плотностью связей, трабекулярным числом и разобщенностью трабекул. Существует зависимость между способностью костной ткани противостоять нагрузке в экспериментальных исследованиях ex vivo и показателем ТКИ. Благодаря ТКИ есть возможность установить нарушение костной ми- кроархитектоники даже при нормальных показателях минеральной плотности костной ткани: увеличение индекса соотносится с улучшением микроструктуры кости, снижение  – с  ухудшением. Ограничение возможностей применения ТКИ связано прежде всего с  качеством денситометрического снимка: искажение изображения вследствие технических причин либо крайне низкого или крайне высокого индекса массы тела может приводить к завышению или занижению показателя. Оценка ТКИ поясничного отдела позвоночника неоднократно производилась в  перекрестных и  проспективных исследованиях с  достаточной выборкой пациентов (преимущественно женщин в  постменопаузе) и  значительным количеством здоровых людей и  доказала возможность независимо от минеральной плотности костной ткани предсказывать риск переломов. Большой интерес представляет изучение возможности использования ТКИ в  ранней диагностике вторичных форм остеопороза (вследствие различных эндокринных патологий), так как исследование минеральной плотности костной ткани, как показывает клиническая практика, не всегда может считаться абсолютно достоверным методом оценки прочности костной ткани, особенно при сахарном диабете, глюкокортикоидном остеопорозе и  акромегалии. Использование ТКИ в качестве маркера эффективности проводимого лечения также возможно, однако пока не обладает достаточной доказательной базой и требует продолжения исследований.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>trabecular bone score</kwd><kwd>low-traumatic fracture</kwd><kwd>bone mineral density</kwd><kwd>microarchitecture</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трабекулярный костный индекс</kwd><kwd>низкотравматический перелом</kwd><kwd>минеральная плотность кости</kwd><kwd>микроархитектоника</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1.Johnell O, Kanis JA. An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2006;17(12):1726–33. doi: 10.1007/s00198-006-0172-4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>2. Kanis JA on behalf of the World Health Organization Scientific Group. 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