<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">433</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2016-44-4-439-450</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS IN SERUM AND URINE IN THE WORKUP OF PATIENTS WITH NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ МАРКЕРЫ СЫВОРОТКИ КРОВИ И МОЧИ ПРИ ОБСЛЕДОВАНИИ БОЛЬНЫХ НЕЙРОЭНДОКРИННЫМИ ОПУХОЛЯМИ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyubimova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Любимова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biol. Sci., Professor, Leading Research Fellow, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry,</p><p>24 Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор, вед. науч. сотр., лаборатория клинической биохимии,</p><p>115478, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>biochimia@mtunet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kushlinskii</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кушлинский</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Correspondent Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry,</p><p>24 Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, заведующий лабораторией клинической биохимии,</p><p>115478, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Российский онкологический научный центр им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>44</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>439</fpage><lpage>450</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-12-22"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2016-12-22"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Lyubimova N.V., Kushlinskii N.E.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Любимова Н.В., Кушлинский Н.Е.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lyubimova N.V., Kushlinskii N.E.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Любимова Н.В., Кушлинский Н.Е.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/433">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/433</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review summarizes current data on neuroendocrine tumors (NET), which, unlike other neoplasms, are able to produce biologically active substances (hormones, vasoactive peptides, amines). It is exactly their main characteristic that allows to unify this heterogeneous group and that may determine their clinical course. We present integrated recommendations for biochemical diagnosis and confirmation of over-secretion syndromes based on a  panel assessment of NET biochemical markers. Data from the literature are reviewed on evaluation of clinical significance of generic and specific NET markers, as well as the results of the studies performed by the authors themselves. Three hundred and thirty patients were examined with NETs of various localization (pancreas, stomach, small intestine and large intestine, lungs) and with metastatic NET disease with unknown primary location, who were treated in the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center. The control group included 115 healthy individuals. Before and during the treatment, plasma and serum chromogranin A (CgA) and serotonin levels, as well as 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in a  24-hour urine sample were measured with standardized immunoenzyme plate-based assays (“Chromogranin A ELISA kit”, Dako A/S; “Serotonin ELISA and 5-HIAA ELISA”, IBL International GMBH). We evaluated clinical importance of CgA as a generic NET marker, as well as that of serotonin and its metabolite 5-HIAA as specific markers of the carcinoid syndrome. CgA was shown to be the most efficient biochemical marker for diagnosis, assessment of prevalence and monitoring of NETs. CgA has a  high diagnostic sensitivity (63.4 to 88.9%) in various NETs. An association between CgA secretion and prevalence and biological activity of the tumor was confirmed. CgA measurement is particularly important in functionally inactive tumors, where serotonin and 5-HIAA have lower sensitivity, being specific markers of the carcinoid syndrome.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В обзоре представлены современные данные о  нейроэндокринных опухолях (НЭО), которые в отличие от других новообразований способны вырабатывать биологически активные вещества (гормоны, вазоактивные пептиды, амины), что является основной характеристикой, объединяющей разнородную группу и определяющей клиническое течение болезни. Приведены обобщенные рекомендации по биохимической диагностике и  подтверждению гиперфункциональных синдромов на основе исследования панели биохимических маркеров НЭО. Рассмотрены данные зарубежных авторов, касающиеся изучения клинической значимости универсальных и  специфических маркеров НЭО, а также результаты собственных исследований.</p><p>Обследованы 330 больных НЭО различных локализаций (поджелудочная железа, желудок, тонкая и толстая кишка, легкие), а также группа пациентов с  метастазами НЭО из невыявленного первичного очага, получавших лечение в  ФГБУ «РОНЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России. В группу контроля вошли 115 практически здоровых людей. Определение хромогранина А (ХгА) и серотонина в плазме и сыворотке крови, а  также 5-гидроксииндолилуксусной кислоты (5-ГИУК) в  суточной моче проводили до начала и  в  процессе лечения стандартизованным иммуноферментным методом в  плашечном формате при использовании соответствующих тест-систем: “Chromogranin A  ELISA kit” (Dako A/S), “Serotonin ELISA” и “5-HIAA ELISA” (IBL International GMBH). Проведена оценка клинического значения ХгА как универсального маркера НЭО, а  также серотонина и  его метаболита 5-ГИУК в  качестве специфических маркеров карциноидного синдрома. Показано, что ХгА является наиболее эффективным маркером биохимического обследования больных в  целях диагностики, оценки распространенности и мониторинга НЭО. ХгА характеризуется высокой диагностической чувствительностью (63,4– 88,9%) при НЭО различных типов. Получены доказательства зависимости секреции ХгА от распространенности и  биологической активности опухолевого процесса. Особое значение определение ХгА приобретает при нефункционирующих опухолях, при которых серотонин и  5-ГИУК обладают низкой чувствительностью, являясь специфическими маркерами карциноидного синдрома.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neuroendocrine tumors</kwd><kwd>biochemical markers</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>monitoring</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейроэндокринные опухоли</kwd><kwd>биохимические маркеры</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>мониторинг</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Кушлинский  НЕ, Любимова  НВ. Биохимические маркеры в  диагностике нейроэндокринных опухолей. Клиническая лабораторная диагностика. 2014;59(7):4–11.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>2.O'Toole D, Grossman A, Gross D, Delle Fave G, Barkmanova  J, O'Connor  J, Pape  UF, Plöckinger U; Mallorca Consensus Conference participants; European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society. ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors: biochemical markers. Neuroendocrinology. 2009;90(2):194–202. doi: 10.1159/000225948.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>3. Modlin IM, Latich I, Zikusoka M, Kidd M, Eick G, Chan AK. Gastrointestinal carcinoids: the evolution of diagnostic strategies. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2006;40(7):572–82.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>4. Modlin IM, Oberg K, Chung DC, Jensen RT, de Herder WW, Thakker RV, Caplin M, Delle Fave G, Kaltsas  GA, Krenning  EP,  Moss  SF, Nilsson  O, Rindi  G, Salazar  R, Ruszniewski  P,  Sundin  A. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9(1):61–72. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(07)70410-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>5.Ardill  JE. Circulating markers for endocrine tumours of the gastroenteropancreatic tract. Ann Clin Biochem. 2008;45(Pt  6):539–59. doi: 10.1258/acb.2008.008039.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>6.Oberg  K. Circulating biomarkers in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2011;18 Suppl 1:S17–25. doi: 10.1530/ERC-10-0280.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>7. Ramage JK, Davies AH, Ardill J, Bax N, Caplin M, Grossman A, Hawkins R, McNicol AM, Reed N, Sutton  R, Thakker  R, Aylwin  S, Breen  D, Britton K, Buchanan  K, Corrie  P,  Gillams  A, Lewington V, McCance D, Meeran K, Watkinson A; UKNETwork for Neuroendocrine Tumours. Guidelines for the management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine (including carcinoid) tumours. Gut. 2005;54 Suppl 4:iv1–16. doi: 10.1136/gut.2004.053314.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>8.Aunis  D, Metz-Boutigue  MH. Chromogranins: current concepts. Structural and functional aspects. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2000;482:21–38. doi: 10.1007/0-306-46837-9_2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>9. Bílek R, Safarík L, Ciprová V, Vlcek P, Lisá L. Chromogranin A, a  member of neuroendocrine secretory proteins as a  selective marker for laboratory diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Physiol Res. 2008;57 Suppl 1:S171–9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>10. Campana  D, Nori  F, Piscitelli  L, Morselli-Labate AM, Pezzilli  R, Corinaldesi  R, Tomassetti P.  Chromogranin A: is it a  useful marker of neuroendocrine tumors? J  Clin Oncol. 2007;25(15):1967–73. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2006.10.1535.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>11. Modlin  IM, Gustafsson  BI, Moss  SF, Pavel  M, Tsolakis  AV, Kidd  M. Chromogranin A  – biological function and clinical utility in neuro endocrine tumor disease. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010;17(9):2427–43. doi: 10.1245/s10434-010-1006-3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>12. Singh  S, Law  C. Chromogranin A: a  sensitive biomarker for the detection and post-treatment monitoring of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;6(3):313–34. doi: 10.1586/egh.12.15.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>13. Stivanello  M, Berruti  A, Torta  M, Termine  A, Tampellini  M, Gorzegno  G, Angeli  A, Dogliotti L. Circulating chromogranin A  in the assessment of patients with neuroendocrine tumours. A single institution experience. Ann Oncol. 2001;12 Suppl 2:S73–7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>14. Tomassetti  P,  Migliori  M, Simoni  P,  Casadei  R, De Iasio  R, Corinaldesi  R, Gullo  L. Diagnostic value of plasma chromogranin A  in neuroendocrine tumours. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2001;13(1):55–8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>15. Vinik  AI, Silva  MP,  Woltering  EA, Go  VL, Warner R, Caplin M. Biochemical testing for neuroendocrine tumors. Pancreas. 2009;38(8):876–89. doi: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e3181bc0e77.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>16. Zatelli  MC, Torta  M, Leon  A, Ambrosio  MR, Gion M, Tomassetti P, De Braud F, Delle Fave G, Dogliotti  L, degli Uberti  EC; Italian CromaNet Working Group. Chromogranin A  as a  marker of neuroendocrine neoplasia: an Italian Multicenter Study. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2007;14(2):473–82. doi: 10.1677/ERC-07-0001.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>17. Panzuto  F, Severi  C, Cannizzaro  R, Falconi  M, Angeletti S, Pasquali A, Corleto VD, Annibale B, Buonadonna  A, Pederzoli  P,  Delle Fave  G. Utility of combined use of plasma levels of chromogranin A  and pancreatic polypeptide in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal and pancreatic endocrine tumors. J Endocrinol Invest. 2004;27(1):6–11.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>18.Nikou GC, Marinou K, Thomakos P, Papageorgiou D, Sanzanidis  V, Nikolaou  P,  Kosmidis  C, Moulakakis  A, Mallas  E. Chromogranin A  levels in diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of 42 patients with non-functioning pancreatic endocrine tumours. Pancreatology. 2008;8(4–5):510–9. doi: 10.1159/000152000.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>19. Welin  S, Stridsberg  M, Cunningham  J, Granberg D, Skogseid  B, Oberg  K, Eriksson  B, Janson ET. Elevated plasma chromogranin  A  is the first indication of recurrence in radically operated midgut carcinoid tumors. Neuroendocrinology. 2009;89(3):302–7. doi: 10.1159/000179900.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>20.Janson  ET, Holmberg  L, Stridsberg  M, Eriksson B, Theodorsson  E, Wilander  E, Oberg  K. Carcinoid tumors: analysis of prognostic factors and survival in 301 patients from a referral center. Ann Oncol. 1997;8(7):685–90.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>21. Vinik  E, Silva  MP,  Vinik  AI. Measuring the relationship of quality of life and health status, including tumor burden, symptoms, and biochemical measures in patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2011;40(1):97–109, viii. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2010.12.008.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>22. Massironi  S, Conte  D, Sciola  V, Spampatti MP,  Ciafardini  C, Valenti  L, Rossi  RE, Peracchi M. Plasma chromogranin A  response to octreotide test: prognostic value for clinical outcome in endocrine digestive tumors. Am J  Gastroenterol. 2010;105(9):2072–8. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2010.154.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>23. Pirker  RA, Pont  J, Pöhnl  R, Schütz  W, Griesmacher A, Müller  MM. Usefulness of chromogranin A  as a  marker for detection of relapses of carcinoid tumours. Clin Chem Lab Med. 1998;36(11):837–40. doi: 10.1515/CCLM.1998.147.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>24. Braga  F, Ferraro  S, Mozzi  R, Dolci  A, Panteghini M. Biological variation of neuroendocrine tumor markers chromogranin A  and neuron-specific enolase. Clin Biochem. 2013;46(1–2):148–51. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.09.005.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>25. Walter T, Chardon L, Chopin-laly X, Raverot V, Caffin  AG, Chayvialle  JA, Scoazec  JY, Lombard-Bohas C. Is the combination of chromogranin A  and pancreatic polypeptide</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>serum determinations of interest in the diagnosis and follow-up of gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours? Eur J  Cancer. 2012;48(12):1766–73. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.11.005.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>26.Nehar  D, Lombard-Bohas  C, Olivieri  S, Claustrat B, Chayvialle JA, Penes MC, Sassolas G, Borson-Chazot F. Interest of Chromogranin  A  for diagnosis and follow-up of endocrine tumours. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2004;60(5):644–52. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2004.02030.x.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>27. Lesurtel  M, Soll  C, Graf  R, Clavien  PA. Role of serotonin in the hepato-gastroIntestinal tract: an old molecule for new perspectives. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2008;65(6):940–52. doi: 10.1007/s00018-007-7377-3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>28. Louthan  O. Chromogranin A  in physiology and oncology. Folia Biol (Praha). 2011;57(5): 173–81.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>29. Kema  IP,  de Vries  EG, Muskiet  FA. Measurement of 5-HIAA in urine. Ann Clin Biochem. 1995;32(Pt 1):102–4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>30.Любимова  НВ, Кушлинский  НЕ. Биохимические маркеры нейроэндокринных опухолей. Вопросы биологической, медицинской и  фармацевтической химии. 2014;12(1): 48–58.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
