<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">21</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2015-42-58-65</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">THE CAUSES AND THE COURSE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN CHILDREN OF PRESCHOOL AGE</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ПРИЧИНЫ И ТЕЧЕНИЕ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ ПОЧЕКУ ДЕТЕЙ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abaseeva</surname><given-names>T. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абасеева</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Abaseeva Tat'yana Yu. – PhD, Senior Research Fellow, Department of Pediatric Dialysis and Hemocorrection</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абасеева Татьяна Юрьевна – кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения диализа и гемокоррекции</p></bio><email>tatiana2103@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pankratenko</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панкратенко</surname><given-names>Т. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pankratenko Tat'yana  E. – PhD, Head of Department of Pediatric Dialysis and Hemocorrection</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Панкратенко Татьяна Евгеньевна – кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель отделения диализа и гемокоррекции</p></bio><email>tatiana2103@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Burov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буров</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Burov Aleksandr A. – Research Fellow, Department of Pediatric Dialysis and Hemocorrection</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Буров Александр Александрович – научный сотрудник отделения диализа и гемокоррекции</p></bio><email>tatiana2103@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Emirova</surname><given-names>Kh. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эмирова</surname><given-names>Х. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Emirova Khadizha M. – PhD, Associate Professor, Chair of Pediatrics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эмирова Хадижа Маратовна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры педиатрии</p></bio><email>tatiana2103@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Muzurov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Музуров</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Muzurov Aleksandr L. – PhD, Assistant Professor, Chair of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Toxicology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Музуров Александр Львович – кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры анестезиологии, реаниматологии и токсикологии детского возраста</p></bio><email>tatiana2103@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М.Ф. Владимирского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И. Евдокимова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия последипломного  образования, Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-11-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><issue>42</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-02-11"><day>11</day><month>02</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2016-02-11"><day>11</day><month>02</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2015, Abaseeva T.Y., Pankratenko T.E., Burov A.A., Emirova K.M., Muzurov A.L.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2015, Абасеева Т.Ю., Панкратенко Т.Е., Буров А.А., Эмирова Х.М., Музуров А.Л.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Abaseeva T.Y., Pankratenko T.E., Burov A.A., Emirova K.M., Muzurov A.L.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Абасеева Т.Ю., Панкратенко Т.Е., Буров А.А., Эмирова Х.М., Музуров А.Л.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/21">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/21</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: Data on etiology and clinical course of CKD stage  3 to 5 in children of preschool  age could help obstetricians, pediatricians, and nephrologists with proper diagnostics and management of this condition and prediction of outcomes. Aim: To study causes and clinical features of CKD stage 3 to 5 in preschool  children. Materials and methods: The causes and clinical features of CKD stage 3 to 5 were investigated in 55 preschool children aged from 7 months  to 8 years. Twenty four had  CKD stage  3 to 4 and  31 children with endstage  CKD  were  on  peritoneal  dialysis. Results:96% of CKD stage 3 to 5 in preschool children were due  to  congenital/genetic kidney abnormalities. Predictors  of renal  replacement therapy  beginning in the first 5 years of life were as follows: antenatal detection of congenital  abnormalities  of the kidney and urinary tract, oligohydroamnion, high neonatal  BUN levels.  Anemia, hyperparathyroidism, arterial hypertension were more prevalent  in children on the dialysis stage of CKD, and myocardial hypertrophy and/or of the left ventricle dilatation were found in 26% of them. Forty two percent of children had growth retardation, and 40% had delayed  speech  development. Conclusion: The course CKD in preschool  children is characterized by a combination of typical metabolic  disorders with the growth  retardation (often dramatic) and delayed mental development that significantly limits the possibilities of the social adaptation of these children and social activities of their parents. Participation  of  neuropsychiatrists,  clinical psychologists, and teachers, rather than pediatricians and  nephrologists only, is desirable  in management of preschool children with CKD stage 3 to 5.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Актуальность. Данные  о  причинах  и клиническом течении хронической болезни почек (ХБП)  III–V  стадий  у  детей  дошкольного  возраста могут помочь акушерам, педиатрам, нефрологам в диагностике и лечении этого состояния, определении прогноза. Цель – изучить причины и особенности клинического течения  ХБП  III–V  стадий у детей  дошкольного  возраста.  Материал  и  методы.   Причины и  клинические  особенности  ХБП  III–V стадий исследованы  у 55 детей дошкольного возраста (от 7 месяцев до 8 лет). Из них у 24 была диагностирована  ХБП III–IV стадий, 31 ребенок  с терминальной  стадией ХБП находился на перитонеальном  диализе. Результаты.  96% случаев ХБП III–V стадий у детей дошкольного возраста были обусловлены врожденной/генетической патологией почек. Предикторами начала заместительной  почечной  терапии  до 5 лет являлись антенатальное  выявление  врожденных аномалий развития мочевой системы, олигогидрамнион, повышенная азотемия в период новорожденности.  Распространенность  анемии, гиперпаратиреоза, гиперфосфатемии, артериальной гипертонии была выше у детей на диализной стадии ХБП, у 26% этих пациентов выявлена гипертрофия миокарда и/или дилатация левого  желудочка. У  42% детей  диагностирована задержка  роста, у 40% – задержка  психоречевого  развития. Заключение. Течение ХБП у дошкольников  характеризуется   сочетанием определенных    метаболических    расстройств с задержкой  роста  (часто выраженной)  и психического  развития,  что существенно  ограничивает возможности социальной адаптации больных детей и социальную активность их родителей. В ведении  пациентов  раннего  возраста  с ХБП  III–V  стадий  желательно  участие не только врачей-педиатров и нефрологов, но и психоневрологов, клинических психологов, педагогов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>congenital renal and urinary tract abnormalities</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>врожденные аномалии развития мочевой системы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Harambat J, van Stralen KJ, Kim JJ, Tizard EJ.Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease inchildren. Pediatr Nephrol. 2012;27(3):363–73.doi: 10.1007/s00467-011-1939-1.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>2. Warady BA, Chadha V. Chronic kidney diseasein children: the global perspective. PediatrNephrol. 2007;22(12):1999–2009.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>3. Wong CJ, Moxey-Mims M, Jerry-Fluker J,Warady BA, Furth SL. CKiD (CKD in children)prospective cohort study: a review of currentfindings. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012;60(6):1002–11.doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.07.018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>4. Hsu CW, Yamamoto KT, Henry RK, De Roos AJ,Flynn JT. Prenatal risk factors for childhoodCKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014;25(9):2105–11.doi: 10.1681/ASN.2013060582.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>5. Mekahli D, Shaw V, Ledermann SE, Rees L.Long-term outcome of infants with severechronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol.2010;5(1):10–7. doi: 10.2215/CJN.05600809.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>6. National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI clinicalpractice guidelines for chronic kidney disease:evaluation, classification, and stratification.Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39(2 Suppl 1):S1–266.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>7. McDonald SP, Craig JC; Australian and New ZealandPaediatricNephrologyAssociation.Longtermsurvivalofchildrenwithend-stagerenal</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>disease.N Engl J Med.2004;350(26):2654–62. CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014;25(9):2105–11.doi: 10.1681/ASN.2013060582.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>5. Mekahli D, Shaw V, Ledermann SE, Rees L.Long-term outcome of infants with severechronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol.2010;5(1):10–7. doi: 10.2215/CJN.05600809.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>6. National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI clinicalpractice guidelines for chronic kidney disease:evaluation, classification, and stratification.Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39(2 Suppl 1):S1–266.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>7. McDonald SP, Craig JC; Australian and New ZealandPaediatricNephrologyAssociation.Longtermsurvivalofchildrenwithend-stagerenaldisease.N Engl J Med.2004;350(26):2654–62.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>8. Baumgartner MR, Hörster F, Dionisi-Vici C,Haliloglu G, Karall D, Chapman KA, Huemer M,Hochuli M, Assoun M, Ballhausen D, Burlina A,Fowler B, Grünert SC, Grünewald S, Honzik T,Merinero B, Pérez-Cerdá C, Scholl-Bürgi S,Skovby F, Wijburg F, MacDonald A, Martinelli D,Sass JO,Valayannopoulos V,Chakrapani A.Proposedguidelines forthe diagnosisandmanagementof methylmalonicand propionicacidemia.OrphanetJ RareDis.2014;9:130. doi:10.1186/s13023-014-0130-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>9. North American Pediatric Renal Trials and CollaborativeStudies:NAPRTCSannual report2006.Availablefrom:https://web.emmes. com/study/ped/annlpert/annlrept2006.pdf. Accessed June 15, 2009.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>10. Wedekin M, Ehrich JH, Offner G, Pape L. Renal replacement therapy in infants with chronic renal failure in the first year of life. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;5(1):18–23. doi: 10.2215/ CJN.03670609.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>11. Zsengellér ZK, Aljinovic N, Teot LA, Korson M, Rodig N, Sloan JL, Venditti CP, Berry GT, Rosen S. Methylmalonicacidemia: a megamitochondrial disorder affecting the kidney. Pediatr Nephrol. 2014;29(11):2139–46. doi: 10.1007/ s00467-014-2847-y.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>12. Loirat C, Fakhouri F, Ariceta G, Besbas N, Bitzan M, Bjerre A, Coppo R, Emma F, Johnson S, Karpman D, Landau D, Langman CB, Lapeyraque AL, Licht C, Nester C, Pecoraro C, Riedl M, van de Kar NC, Van de Walle J, Vivarelli M, Frémeaux-Bacchi V; for HUS International. An international consensus approach to the management of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome in children. Pediatr Nephrol. 2015Apr 11. [Epub ahead of print]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>13. Hinchliffe SA, Sargent PH, Howard CV, Chan YF, van Velzen D. Human intrauterine renal growth expressed in absolute number of glomeruli assessed by the disector method and Cavalieri principle. Lab Invest. 1991;64(6):777–84.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>14. Rodríguez MM, Gómez AH, Abitbol CL, Chandar JJ, Duara S, Zilleruelo GE. Histomorphometric analysis of postnatal glomerulogenesis in extremely preterm infants. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2004;7(1):17–25.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>15. Sutherland MR, Gubhaju L, Moore L, Kent AL, Dahlstrom JE, Horne RS, Hoy WE, Bertram JF, Black MJ. Accelerated maturation and abnormal morphology in the preterm neonatal kid ney. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;22(7):1365–74. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2010121266.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>16. Hindryckx A, De Catte L. Prenatal diagnosis ofcongenital renal and urinary tract malformations. Facts Views Vis Obgyn. 2011;3(3):165–74.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>17. Chavers BM, Li S, Collins AJ, Herzog CA. Cardiovascular disease in pediatric chronic dialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2002;62(2):648–53.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>18. Abitbol CL, Rodriguez MM. The long-term renal and cardiovascular consequences of prematurity. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2012;8(5):265–74. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2012.38.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>19. Furth SL, Hwang W, Yang C, Neu AM, Fivush BA, Powe NR. Growth failure, risk of hospitalization and death for children with end-stage renal disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2002;17(6):450–5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>20. Slickers J, Duquette P, Hooper S, Gipson D.Clinical predictors of neurocognitive deficits in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2007;22(4):565–72.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
