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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1780</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2023-51-004</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Evaluation of the upper extremity motor skills with a computer kinetic system in multiple sclerosis patients</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка двигательных навыков верхних конечностей с использованием компьютерной кинетической системы у пациентов с рассеянным склерозом</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5254-4689</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shumakov</surname><given-names>Igor E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шумаков</surname><given-names>Игорь Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory Assistant, Chair of Nervous Diseases with Medical Genetics and Neurosurgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант кафедры нервных болезней с медицинской генетикой и нейрохирургией</p></bio><email>igorstrong@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2144-7250</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Leshonkov</surname><given-names>Artemiy S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лешонков</surname><given-names>Артемий Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate Student, Chair of Intelligent Information Technology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистрант кафедры интеллектуальных информационных технологий</p></bio><email>artemiy.leshonkov@graphics.cs.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6314-2706</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vekhina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вехина</surname><given-names>Екатерина Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident, Chair of Nervous Diseases with Medical Genetics and Neurosurgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор кафедры нервных болезней с медицинской генетикой и нейрохирургией</p></bio><email>ekavehha@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-4113</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasatkin</surname><given-names>Dmitry S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касаткин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Chair of Nervous Diseases with Medical Genetics and Neurosurgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры нервных болезней с медицинской генетикой и нейрохирургией</p></bio><email>dskasatkin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-03-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-05-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>51</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-01-22"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-03-16"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Shumakov I.E., Leshonkov A.S., Vekhina E.A., Kasatkin D.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Шумаков И.Е., Лешонков А.С., Вехина Е.А., Касаткин Д.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shumakov I.E., Leshonkov A.S., Vekhina E.A., Kasatkin D.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шумаков И.Е., Лешонков А.С., Вехина Е.А., Касаткин Д.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/1780">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/1780</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating neurodegenerative disorder with multiple lesions in the central nervous system. Motor abnormalities are considered to be a major cause of permanent occupational, social and daily disability of MS patients. However, due to serious limitations of existing methods for assessment of upper limb functioning, evaluation of coordinator and motor abnormalities in the upper extremities in clinical practice is difficult.</p> <p><bold>Aim</bold>: To evaluate the efficacy of a computer kinetic method in the diagnosis of fine motor abnormalities of upper limbs in MS patients at early stage of the disease, when motor abnormalities in the upper limbs are not yet obvious.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>: The main study group included 42 patients with confirmed MS, who consented for testing and met the inclusion criteria (among them, absence of obvious motor and coordinator abnormalities in the arms). The mean age of the patients was 36 [29; 44] years. The control group included 31 healthy subjects with a mean age of 28 [21; 37] years. All the patients were assessed with an original computer kinetic system, including a two-minute test, when the patient had to follow a moving object on the screen with a computer mouse. Every test series resulted in 13 final characteristics.</p> <p><bold>Results</bold>: The test of the dominant hand showed that compared to the control group, the MS patients without clinical motor abnormalities in the upper extremities spend 20% more time to move to the aim object (p &lt; 0.001), have a 18% lower output motor performance (p &lt; 0.001), make by 54% more recurrent returns to the aim object (p = 0.012), by 7% more crosses of the ideal trajectory of moving to the aim (p = 0.036), by 32% more deviations from the ideal trajectory of moving along the x axis and by 52% more along the y axis (p &lt; 0.001 for both comparisons), as well as they have a 12% lower mean rate of the movements during the computer test (p &lt; 0.001) and by 12% more rate picks (p = 0.003).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion</bold>: Patients with confirmed MS, low degree of disability and absence of any clinically confirmed motor abnormalities in the upper limbs do have subclinical signs of motor abnormalities in the arms that can be identified by computer kinetic system.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность</bold>. Рассеянный склероз (РС) – хроническое воспалительное демиелинизирующее нейродегенеративное заболевание с многоочаговым поражением центральной нервной системы. Двигательные нарушения считаются одной из основных причин стойких нарушений профессиональной и социально-бытовой активности больных РС. Однако вследствие серьезных ограничений существующих методов диагностики функций верхних конечностей оценка координаторных и двигательных нарушений со стороны верхних конечностей в клинической практике затруднена.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> – оценка эффективности компьютерного кинетического метода диагностики нарушений мелкой моторики верхней конечности у пациентов с РС на ранней стадии заболевания и без выявленных нарушений двигательных функций верхних конечностей.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы</bold>. В основную группу исследования включены 42 пациента с подтвержденным РС, давшие согласие на проведение тестирования, соответствующие критериям включения (в том числе отсутствие явных двигательных и координаторных нарушений в руках), средний возраст пациентов составил 36 [29; 44] лет. В группе контроля был 31 человек (условно здоровые), средний возраст – 28 [21; 37] лет. Было проведено тестирование исследуемых с использованием оригинальной компьютерной кинетической системы, включающей двухминутную пробу, во время которой пациент должен при помощи мыши следить за перемещающимся объектом на экране. Иcходом каждого тестирования служило получение 13 финальных метрик.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. При тестировании доминантной руки выявлено, что по сравнению с группой контроля пациенты с РС без клинических признаков нарушений движений верхних конечностей затрачивают на 20% больше времени на совершение движения к цели (p &lt; 0,001), имеют на 18% более низкую пропускную способность движений (p &lt; 0,001), совершают на 54% больше повторных возвратов к цели (p = 0,012), на 7% больше пересечений идеальной траектории движения к цели (p = 0,036), на 32% больше отклонений от идеальной траектории движения по оси x и на 52% – по оси y (p &lt; 0,001 в обоих случаях), имеют на 12% ниже среднюю скорость движения при выполнении компьютерного тестирования (p &lt; 0,001) и на 12% больше пиков скорости (p = 0,003).</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Пациенты с установленным диагнозом РС с низкой степенью инвалидизации и отсутствием клинически подтвержденных нарушений двигательных навыков верхних конечностей имеют субклинические признаки нарушения функции руки, выявляемые с помощью тестирования с использованием компьютерной кинетической системы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>upper limb motor skills</kwd><kwd>coordination</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>моторика руки</kwd><kwd>координация</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lassmann H. Multiple Sclerosis Pathology. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2018;8(3):a028936. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028936.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Garg N, Smith TW. 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