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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1771</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2023-51-001</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Galectin-3 and matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in peripheral blood of gastric cancer patients</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Галектин-3 и матриксные металлопротеиназы 2 и 9 в крови больных раком желудка</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2509-5232</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korotkova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Короткова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (in Biol.), Senior Research Fellow, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаборатории клинической биохимии</p></bio><email>katinka-kor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3321-801X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gershtein</surname><given-names>Elena S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герштейн</surname><given-names>Елена Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biol. Sci., Professor, Leading Research Fellow, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry; Professor, Chair of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Additional Professional Education</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор, вед. науч. сотр. лаборатории клинической биохимии; профессор кафедры клинической биохимии и лабораторной диагностики факультета дополнительного профессионального образования</p></bio><email>esgershtein@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-8331</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoilova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойлова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Biologist, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>биолог лаборатории клинической биохимии</p></bio><email>mediket@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5522-291X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goryacheva</surname><given-names>Irina O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горячева</surname><given-names>Ирина Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics Doctor, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач клинической лабораторной диагностики лаборатории клинической биохимии</p></bio><email>Irina.Goriacheva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2149-4236</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrosyan</surname><given-names>Aram P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петросян</surname><given-names>Арам Паруирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oncologist, Surgical Department No. 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-онколог хирургического отделения № 7</p></bio><email>aramsurgeon@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5422-2878</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zybina</surname><given-names>Natalia N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зыбина</surname><given-names>Наталья Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biol. Sci., Professor, Head of Department of Laboratory Diagnostics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор, заведующая отделом лабораторной диагностики</p></bio><email>zybinan@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0059-4980</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yanushevich</surname><given-names>Oleg O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Янушевич</surname><given-names>Олег Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Member of Russ. Acad. Sci., Rector</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, ректор</p></bio><email>nauch.ot@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0493-1166</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stilidi</surname><given-names>Ivan S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стилиди</surname><given-names>Иван Сократович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Member of Russ. Acad. Sci., Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, директор</p></bio><email>info@ronc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-4127</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kushlinskii</surname><given-names>Nikolay E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кушлинский</surname><given-names>Николай Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Member of Russ. Acad. Sci., Head of Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry; Head of Chair of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Additional Professional Education</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, заведующий лабораторией клинической биохимии; заведующий кафедрой клинической биохимии и лабораторной диагностики факультета дополнительного профессионального образования</p></bio><email>biochimia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Всероссийский центр экстренной и радиационной медицины им. А.М. Никифорова» МЧС России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-02-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-05-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>51</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-12-21"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-01-27"><day>27</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Korotkova E.A., Gershtein E.S., Samoilova E.V., Goryacheva I.O., Petrosyan A.P., Zybina N.N., Yanushevich O.O., Stilidi I.S., Kushlinskii N.E.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Короткова Е.А., Герштейн Е.С., Самойлова Е.В., Горячева И.О., Петросян А.П., Зыбина Н.Н., Янушевич О.О., Стилиди И.С., Кушлинский Н.Е.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korotkova E.A., Gershtein E.S., Samoilova E.V., Goryacheva I.O., Petrosyan A.P., Zybina N.N., Yanushevich O.O., Stilidi I.S., Kushlinskii N.E.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Короткова Е.А., Герштейн Е.С., Самойлова Е.В., Горячева И.О., Петросян А.П., Зыбина Н.Н., Янушевич О.О., Стилиди И.С., Кушлинский Н.Е.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/1771">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/1771</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background:</bold> High incidence of gastric cancer (GC), its aggressive clinical course, rapid tumor dissemination, low sensitivity to chemotherapy and lack of reliable laboratory diagnostic criteria urgently require a search for the most informative markers associated with key biologic properties of the tumors.</p> <p><bold>Aim:</bold> Comparative analysis of galectin-3, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 levels in peripheral blood of GC patients and healthy donors, assessment of association of these markers with clinical morphological characteristics of the disease, and prognosis of overall and relapse-free survival.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods:</bold> Sixty (60) primary treatment-naïve GC patients (38 men, 22 women) aged 29 to 81 years and 90 healthy donors compatible with their age and sex were included into the study. Galectin-3 was measured in EDTA plasma, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in serum with standard direct enzyme immunoassay kits "Human MMP-2 (total)", "Human MMP-9 (total)", "Human Galectin-3" (R&amp;D Systems, USA).</p> <p><bold>Results:</bold> Plasma galectin-3 concentration in the GC patients was significantly higher than in the healthy controls (median 12.9 and 10.6 ng/ml, respectively; p &lt; 0.0001). No difference in serum MMP-9 levels between GC patients and control subjects were found, while MMP-2 level in the control group was significantly higher, than in the GC patients (p = 0.039). No association between galectin-3, MMP-2, and MMP-9 blood levels in the GC patients could be identified. In contrast to GC patients, there was a positive correlation of plasma galectin-3 with age in the control group (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.51, p &lt; 0.005). No associations between the biomarkers levels in blood and clinical and morphological characteristics of GC were established, except MMP-9 being higher at Т<sub>4а</sub> invasion depth as compared to the earlier Т<sub>2</sub> level. Marked differences in the overall survival depending on plasma galectin-3 levels were found, with the cut-off level of 12.9 ng/ml: the 5-year overall survival in the patients with low galectin-3 was better, than in those with its higher level (50 and 43%, respectively; however, the difference was non-significant, р &gt; 0.1). Both overall and relapse-free survival of the GC patients was higher in those with low (&lt; 212 ng/ml) serum MMP-2: the 5-year overall survival in this group comprised 60% versus 23% in the patients with higher MMP-2 (p = 0.018). The difference in relapse-free survival was non-significant. Serum MMP-9 levels had no significant impact on the survival of GC patients.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> The ambiguous data on the clinical role of galectin-3, MMP-2, MMP-9 in GC obtained in this study indicate the necessity of further investigation of their possible utility for the diagnostics and prognosis of treatment results.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> Высокие показатели заболеваемости раком желудка (РЖ), агрессивное клиническое течение, быстрая диссеминация опухолевого процесса, низкая чувствительность к лекарственной терапии и отсутствие надежных лабораторных критериев диагностики определяют необходимость поиска наиболее информативных маркеров заболевания, характеризующих фундаментальные биологические свойства опухолей.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> – сравнительная оценка уровней галектина-3, матриксных металлопротеиназ (ММП) 2 и 9 в крови больных РЖ и практически здоровых доноров, анализ взаимосвязи этих маркеров с клиническими и морфологическими характеристиками заболевания, а также прогнозом общей и безрецидивной выживаемости.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> Обследовали 60 первичных ранее не леченных больных РЖ (38 мужчин и 22 женщины) в возрасте от 29 до 81 года, а также 90 практически здоровых доноров, сопоставимых по возрасту и полу. Галектин-3 определяли в плазме крови с ЭДТА, а ММП-2 и ММП-9 – в сыворотке крови с помощью стандартных наборов реактивов для прямого иммуноферментного анализа (Human MMP-2 (total), Human MMP-9 (total), Human Galectin-3 (R&amp;D Systems, США)).</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Концентрация галектина-3 в плазме крови больных РЖ была статистически значимо выше, чем у здоровых доноров (медианы 12,9 и 10,6 нг/мл соответственно; p &lt; 0,0001). Уровни ММП-9 в сыворотке крови больных РЖ и здоровых доноров не различались, тогда как уровень ММП-2 в группе контроля был статистически значимо выше, чем у больных РЖ (p = 0,039). Не установлено корреляционных взаимосвязей между концентрациями галектина-3, ММП-2 и ММП-9 в крови больных РЖ. В отличие от больных РЖ, в контроле выявлена статистически значимая положительная корреляция содержания галектина-3 в плазме крови с возрастом (r<sub>s</sub> = 0,51, p &lt; 0,005). Не обнаружили ассоциации между содержанием маркеров в крови и клинико-морфологическими особенностями РЖ, за исключением ММП-9, уровни которой были выше при опухолевой инвазии серозной оболочки Т<sub>4а</sub> по сравнению с более ранней формой, соответствующей Т<sub>2</sub>. Выраженные различия в показателях общей выживаемости в зависимости от уровня галектина-3 в плазме крови выявлены при пороговом уровне 12,9 нг/мл: общая 5-летняя выживаемость была выше при низких уровнях маркера (50 и 43% соответственно, но р &gt; 0,1). Как общая, так и безрецидивная выживаемость больных РЖ была выше в группе пациентов с низким уровнем ММП-2 (менее 212 нг/мл): общая 5-летняя выживаемость в этой группе составила 60% против 23% в группе больных с высоким содержанием маркера (р = 0,018). Различия в безрецидивной выживаемости не достигали уровня статистической значимости. Уровень ММП-9 статистически значимо не влиял на выживаемость больных РЖ.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Получены неоднозначные данные о клиническом значении галектина-3, ММП-2 и ММП-9 при РЖ, указывающие на необходимость проведения дополнительных исследований для оценки возможности их использования в диагностике и прогнозировании результатов лечения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gastric cancer</kwd><kwd>galectin-3</kwd><kwd>matrix metalloproteinase 2</kwd><kwd>matrix metalloproteinase 9</kwd><kwd>serum</kwd><kwd>plasma</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак желудка</kwd><kwd>галектин-3</kwd><kwd>матриксная металлопротеиназа 2</kwd><kwd>матриксная металлопротеиназа 9</kwd><kwd>сыворотка крови</kwd><kwd>плазма крови</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н.Блохина Минздрава России</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. 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