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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17612</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2026-54-005</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Diagnostic accuracy of liver and spleen extracellular volume fraction for staging liver fibrosis using magnetic resonance imaging</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Диагностическая точность фракции внеклеточного объема печени и селезенки при стадировании фиброза печени по данным магнитно-резонансной томографии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8258-522X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savchenkov</surname><given-names>Yury N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савченков</surname><given-names>Юрий Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Assistant, Chair of Radiation Diagnostics with a Course of Radiology; Head of the Department of Radiation Diagnostics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, ассистент кафедры лучевой диагностики с курсом радиологии; зав. отделением лучевой диагностики</p></bio><email>yura_savchenkov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1611-5000</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trufanov</surname><given-names>Gennadii E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Труфанов</surname><given-names>Геннадий Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Head of the Chair of Radiation Diagnostics and Medical Imaging with Clinic</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой лучевой диагностики и медицинской визуализации с клиникой</p></bio><email>trufanovge@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7885-9024</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fokin</surname><given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фокин</surname><given-names>Владимир Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Professor of the Chair of Radiation Diagnostics and Medical Imaging with Clinic</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, профессор кафедры лучевой диагностики и медицинской визуализации с клиникой</p></bio><email>vladfokin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6084-2061</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ionova</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ионова</surname><given-names>Елена Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Head of the Chair of Radiation Diagnostics with a Course of Radiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, зав. кафедрой лучевой диагностики с курсом радиологии</p></bio><email>ionela60@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5149-4667</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Meltonian</surname><given-names>Asia R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мелтонян</surname><given-names>Ася Робертовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Chair of Endocrinology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры эндокринологии</p></bio><email>a.r.meltonyan@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2869-0712</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anisonyan</surname><given-names>Anastasia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анисонян</surname><given-names>Анастасия Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Research Fellow, Liver Disease Diagnostic Center</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, науч. cотр. центра диагностики заболеваний печени</p></bio><email>anastasiya7651@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-9643</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sbikina</surname><given-names>Evgenia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сбикина</surname><given-names>Евгения Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Senior Research Fellow, Liver Disease Diagnostic Center</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ст. науч. cотр. центра диагностики заболеваний печени</p></bio><email>esbikina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации – Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр имени А.И. Бурназяна» ФМБА России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Demikhov City Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница имени В.П. Демихова Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific and Practical Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Московский клинический научно-практический центр имени А.С. Логинова Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>54</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-27"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-20"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Savchenkov Y.N., Trufanov G.E., Fokin V.A., Ionova E.A., Meltonian A.R., Anisonyan A.V., Sbikina E.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Савченков Ю.Н., Труфанов Г.Е., Фокин В.А., Ионова Е.А., Мелтонян А.Р., Анисонян А.В., Сбикина Е.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Savchenkov Y.N., Trufanov G.E., Fokin V.A., Ionova E.A., Meltonian A.R., Anisonyan A.V., Sbikina E.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Савченков Ю.Н., Труфанов Г.Е., Фокин В.А., Ионова Е.А., Мелтонян А.Р., Анисонян А.В., Сбикина Е.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/17612">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/17612</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background:</bold> Liver fibrosis is a manifestation of chronic liver diseases (CLD) and a key prognostic factor for their progression. The development of non-invasive quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques that are robust to the influence of liver tissue composition is important for fibrosis stage stratification. The extracellular volume fraction (ECV) reflects the volume of the extracellular matrix and can be considered a specific quantitative marker of fibrotic changes.</p> <p><bold>Aim:</bold> To evaluate the diagnostic performance of liver and spleen ECV for stratifying liver fibrosis stages and to analyze the effect of steatosis on the robustness of the diagnostic characteristics of the technique.</p> <p><bold>Methods: </bold>This single-center, observational, retrospective, two-sample, comparative study included 427 patients with CLD and 111 patients without CLD examined in inpatient and outpatient settings between November 2024 and July 2025. Fibrosis staging was performed using the Metavir scale (F0–F4). Liver and spleen ECV were calculated based on T1 mapping using the MOLLI 5(3)3 protocol before and 10 minutes after intravenous contrast injection according to the formula: ECV = (1 - Hct) × (ΔR1<sub>organ</sub> / ΔR1<sub>aorta</sub>). Steatosis stratification was performed based on the proton density fat fraction, forming subgroups of patients without steatosis and with steatosis. ROC analysis was performed to assess diagnostic performance when discriminating ≥ F2, ≥ F3, and F4.</p> <p><bold>Results:</bold> The study cohort comprised 538 patients (276 women and 262 men, mean age 47.2 ± 14.2 years). Distribution by fibrosis stage: F0 – 228 (of which 111 had no CLD), F1 – 126, F2 – 79, F3 – 40, F4 – 65. No steatosis was found in 287 patients, while 251 had steatosis. Liver and spleen ECV values progressively increased with advancing fibrosis from F0 to F4. Pairwise differences between adjacent stages remained statistically significant (FDR &lt; 0.05). For detecting clinically significant fibrosis (≥ F2), the AUC for liver ECV was 0.865 in patients without steatosis and 0.872 in those with steatosis; for ≥ F3, 0.939 and 0.977; and for F4, 0.976 and 1.000, respectively. For spleen ECV, when detecting stage ≥ F2, the AUC was 0.779 and 0.866; for ≥ F3, 0.882 and 0.911; and for F4, 0.940 and 1.000, without and with steatosis, respectively.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> Liver ECV is a highly informative quantitative biomarker of liver fibrotic changes in CLD. The diagnostic performance of the technique increases at later fibrosis stages and remains robust in the presence of steatosis. Spleen ECV provides additional diagnostic value, mainly for assessing severe fibrosis and liver cirrhosis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Фиброз печени – проявление хронических заболеваний печени (ХЗП) и ключевой прогностический фактор их прогрессирования. Разработка неинвазивных количественных методик магнитно-резонансной томографии, устойчивых к влиянию тканевого состава печени, имеет важное значение для стратификации стадий фиброза. Фракция внеклеточного объема (ФВО) отражает объем внеклеточного матрикса и может рассматриваться как специфичный количественный маркер фиброзных изменений.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> – оценить диагностическую эффективность ФВО печени и селезенки при стратификации стадий фиброза печени и проанализировать влияние стеатоза на устойчивость диагностических характеристик методики.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> Одноцентровое наблюдательное ретроспективное двухвыборочное сравнительное исследование включало 427 пациентов с ХЗП и 111 пациентов без ХЗП, обследованных в стационарных и амбулаторных условиях в период с ноября 2024 по июль 2025 г. Стадирование фиброза проводили по шкале Metavir (F0–F4). ФВО печени и селезенки рассчитывали на основании Т1-картирования по протоколу MOLLI 5(3)3 до и через 10 минут после внутривенного контрастирования по формуле: ФВО = (1 - Hct) × (ΔR1<sub>органа</sub> / ΔR1<sub>аорты</sub>). Стратифи-кацию по стеатозу осуществляли на основании протонной плотности жировой фракции с формированием подгрупп пациентов без стеатоза и с наличием стеатоза. Для оценки диагностической эффективности методики выполняли ROC-анализ при разграничении ≥ F2, ≥ F3 и F4.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Когорту исследования составили 538 пациентов (276 женщин и 262 мужчины, средний возраст – 47,2 ± 14,2 года). Распределение пациентов по стадиям фиброза: F0 – 228 (из них 111 не имели ХЗП), F1 – 126, F2 – 79, F3 – 40, F4 – 65. Отсутствие стеатоза выявлено у 287 пациентов, его наличие – у 251. Значения ФВО печени и селезенки последовательно возрастали по мере прогрессирования фиброза от F0 к F4. Попарные различия между смежными стадиями сохраняли статистическую значимость (FDR &lt; 0,05). При выявлении клинически значимого фиброза (≥ F2) AUC для ФВО печени составила 0,865 у пациентов без стеатоза и 0,872 при наличии стеатоза, ≥ F3 – 0,939 и 0,977, F4 – 0,976 и 1,000 соответственно. Для ФВО селезенки при выявлении стадии ≥ F2 AUC составила 0,779 и 0,866, ≥ F3 – 0,882 и 0,911, F4 – 0,940 и 1,000 без стеатоза и при наличии стеатоза соответственно.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> ФВО печени – высокоинформативный количественный биомаркер фиброзных изменений печени при ХЗП. Диагностическая эффективность методики возрастает при переходе к поздним стадиям фиброза и сохраняется при наличии стеатоза. ФВО селезенки обладает дополнительной диагностической ценностью преимущественно при оценке тяжелого фиброза и цирроза печени.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic liver diseases</kwd><kwd>liver fibrosis</kwd><kwd>liver cirrhosis</kwd><kwd>extracellular volume fraction</kwd><kwd>biomarker</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>proton density fat fraction</kwd><kwd>ROC analysis</kwd><kwd>diagnostic accuracy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хронические заболевания печени</kwd><kwd>фиброз печени</kwd><kwd>цирроз печени</kwd><kwd>фракция внеклеточного объема</kwd><kwd>биомаркер</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>протонная плотность жировой фракции</kwd><kwd>ROC-анализ</kwd><kwd>диагностическая точность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Liedtke C, Nevzorova YA, Luedde T, Zimmermann H, Kroy D, Strnad P, Berres ML, Bernhagen J, Tacke F, Nattermann J, Spengler U, Sauerbruch T, Wree A, Abdullah Z, Tolba RH, Trebicka J, Lammers T, Trautwein C, Weiskirchen R. 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