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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1753</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-045</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of the fibrinolytic system laboratory markers in the assessment of the cerebral small vessel disease severity</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль лабораторных маркеров системы фибринолиза в оценке тяжести болезни малых сосудов головного мозга</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3907-4088</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khutorov</surname><given-names>Dmitrii N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хуторов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Neurologist, Department of Clinical Neurology and Sleep Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-невролог отделения клинической неврологии и медицины сна</p></bio><email>drdim@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3524-3603</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Startseva</surname><given-names>Olga N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старцева</surname><given-names>Ольга Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (in Biol.), Biologist, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, врач-биолог лаборатории клинической химии отдела лабораторной диагностики</p></bio><email>startceva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4722-0900</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhomirova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихомирова</surname><given-names>Ольга Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Head of Department of Clinical Neurology and Sleep Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент, заведующая отделением клинической неврологии и медицины сна</p></bio><email>olvitikhomirova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5422-2878</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zybina</surname><given-names>Natalia N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зыбина</surname><given-names>Наталья Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biol. Sci., Professor, Head of Department of Laboratory Diagnostics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор, заведующая отделом лабораторной диагностики</p></bio><email>zybinan@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Nikiforov's All-Russian Center for Emergency and Radiation Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Всероссийский центр экстренной и радиационной медицины имени А.М. Никифорова» МЧС России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>50</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>287</fpage><lpage>294</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-11-02"><day>02</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-11-28"><day>28</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Khutorov D.N., Startseva O.N., Tikhomirova O.V., Zybina N.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Хуторов Д.Н., Старцева О.Н., Тихомирова О.В., Зыбина Н.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khutorov D.N., Startseva O.N., Tikhomirova O.V., Zybina N.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хуторов Д.Н., Старцева О.Н., Тихомирова О.В., Зыбина Н.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/1753">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/1753</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>: Small vessel disease (SVD) is a common brain disease causing about 40% of all dementias and about 25% of ischemic strokes, which makes important the study of its pathophysiology and the search for its biomarkers. A number of studies have shown a significant role of endothelial dysfunction and nonspecific inflammation, as well as of some individual parameters of hemostasis disorders in the development of SVD.</p> <p><bold>Aim</bold>: To identify the role of the laboratory markers of fibrinolytic system in the assessment of the severity of white matter lesions in patients with SVD.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>: This single center cross-sectional non-controlled observational study included 117 patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy (chronic brain ischemia), with a mean (± SD) age of 57.7 ± 11.5 years. Laboratory tests of the fibrinolytic system, endothelial dysfunction, markers of inflammation and for an integral assessment of plasma hemostasis were performed in all patients, including XIIa-dependent fibrinolysis, levels of plasminogen, alpha2-antiplasmin, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and activity of blood coagulation factor VIII (FVIII), highly sensitive C-reactive protein and parameters of the thrombodynamics assay. In all the patients, brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed with the assessment of the white matter lesions by the Fazecas scale.</p> <p><bold>Results</bold>: Depending on the identified neuroimaging SVD markers (assessed with the Fazecas scale), the patients were divided into the SVD group (n = 54) and no-SVD group (n = 63). Those with SVD were older than those without (65 ± 9 vs 51 ± 10 years; p &lt; 0.001), had higher prevalence of arterial hypertension (p &lt; 0.001), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.029) and past thrombotic events (p &lt; 0.001). The SVD patients, compared to those without SVD, had a higher time of XIIa-dependent fibrinolysis (7.6 ± 2.9 vs 6.5 ± 1.7 min, p = 0.032), higher alpha2-antiplasmin levels (111 [95–117] vs 105 [95–111]%, p = 0.016) and higher clot density (D) (22789 [20567–26411] vs 20627 [18324–22650] U, p &lt; 0.001), although the parameters were within the reference ranges. As far as the thrombodynamics is concerned, the SVD group had higher values for all test parameters, as well as higher levels of the inflammation and endothelial dysfunction markers. Increased time of XIIa-dependent fibrinolysis was associated with higher probability of periventricular and subcortical leukoareosis grade ≥ 2 by the Fazecas scale (odds ratio 1.31 [1.07–1.60], p = 0.009), including an increase in the size and number of gliosis areas. Higher plasminogen levels were associated with a lower probability of leukoareosis by the Fazecas scale (odds ratio 0.97 [0.95–0.98], p &lt; 0.001).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion</bold>: The severity of fibrinolytic and hemostatic abnormalities correlates with the severity of brain SVD, thus forming the hypofibrinolytic and prothrombotic status of the patients with this disorder.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность</bold>. Болезнь малых сосудов (БМС) – распространенное заболевание головного мозга, вызывающее развитие около 40% всех деменций и 25% ишемических инсультов, что определяет важность изучения патогенеза и поиска биомаркеров. В ряде исследований показана важная роль эндотелиальной дисфункции и неспецифического воспаления, а также некоторых отдельных параметров нарушения гемостаза в развитии БМС.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> – определить роль лабораторных маркеров системы фибринолиза в оценке выраженности поражения белого вещества головного мозга у пациентов с БМС.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы</bold>. В рамках одноцентрового поперечного неконтролируемого обсервационного исследования обследованы 117 пациентов с дисциркуляторной энцефалопатией (хроническая ишемия головного мозга) в возрасте 57,7 ± 11,5 года. Всем пациентам проведены лабораторные исследования по оценке системы фибринолиза, дисфункции эндотелия, маркеров воспаления, а также интегральной оценке плазменного гемостаза. Определяли XIIa-зависимый фибринолиз, концентрацию плазминогена, альфа2-антиплазмина, ингибитора активатора плазминогена 1 (PAI-1), фибриногена, фактора фон Виллебранда (FW), активность фактора свертывания крови VIII (FVIII), содержание высокочувствительного С-реактивного белка и параметры теста тромбодинамики. Всем больным выполнена магнитно-резонансная томография головного мозга с оценкой поражения белого вещества по шкале Фазекаса.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. В зависимости от наличия нейровизуализационных маркеров БМС (оценка по шкале Фазекаса) обследованные были распределены в группу с БМС (n = 54) и в группу без БМС (n = 63). Пациенты с БМС были старше пациентов без БМС (65 ± 9 против 51 ± 10 лет; p &lt; 0,001), у них чаще диагностировали гипертоническую болезнь (p &lt; 0,001), сахарный диабет (p = 0,029) и тромботические события (p &lt; 0,001) в анамнезе. В группе пациентов с БМС по сравнению с пациентами без БМС обнаружено более длинное время XIIa-зависимого фибринолиза (7,6 ± 2,9 против 6,5 ± 1,7 мин; р = 0,032), у них была выше концентрация альфа2-антиплазмина (111 [95–117] против 105 [95–111]%; р = 0,016) и параметр плотности сгустка (D) (22789 [20567–26411] против 20627 [18324–22650] у.е.; р &lt; 0,001), хотя показатели находились в референтных интервалах. Что касается показателей тромбодинамики, в группе с БМС наблюдались более высокие значения по всем параметрам теста, также выявлены более высокие показатели маркеров воспаления и эндотелиальной дисфункции. Установлено, что с увеличением времени XIIа-зависимого фибринолиза возрастает вероятность 2-й и более стадии перивентрикулярного и подкоркового лейкоареоза по шкале Фазекаса (отношение шансов (ОШ) 1,31 [1,07–1,60]; р = 0,009), в том числе увеличения размера и количества очагов глиоза, а при увеличении концентрации плазминогена вероятность лейкоареоза по шкале Фазекаса снижается (ОШ 0,97 [0,95–0,98]; р &lt; 0,001).</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Выраженность нарушений фибринолиза и параметров системы гемостаза коррелирует с тяжестью БМС головного мозга, формируя гипофибринолитический и протромботический статус пациентов с данным заболеванием.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>small vessel disease</kwd><kwd>hemostasis</kwd><kwd>fibrinolysis</kwd><kwd>thrombodynamics assay</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь малых сосудов</kwd><kwd>гемостаз</kwd><kwd>фибринолиз</kwd><kwd>тест тромбодинамики</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>de Leeuw FE, de Groot JC, Achten E, Oudkerk M, Ramos LM, Heijboer R, Hofman A, Jolles J, van Gijn J, Breteler MM. Prevalence of cerebral white matter lesions in elderly people: a population based magnetic resonance imaging study. The Rotterdam Scan Study. 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