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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17519</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2025-53-020</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Risk factors for unfavorable outcomes after conservative management of severe ulcerative, pseudomembranous, and ischemic colitis: a single-center retrospective comparative cohort study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Факторы риска неблагоприятного прогноза при консервативном лечении тяжелых форм язвенного, псевдомембранозного и ишемического колитов: одноцентровое ретроспективное сравнительное когортное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0838-3454</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krotov</surname><given-names>Gleb A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кротов</surname><given-names>Глеб Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Surgeon, Emergency Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-хирург приемного отделения</p></bio><email>krotovgleb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9439-9873</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilov</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилов</surname><given-names>Михаил Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Head of the Coloproctology Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, зав. отделением колопроктологии</p></bio><email>m.danilov@mknc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7250-0977</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Knyazev</surname><given-names>Oleg O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Князев</surname><given-names>Олег Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Head of the Intestinal Pathology Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. отделением патологии кишечника</p></bio><email>oleg7@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5169-2199</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsvirkun</surname><given-names>Viktor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цвиркун</surname><given-names>Виктор Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Chief Research Fellow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, гл. науч. сотр.</p></bio><email>v.zvirkun@mknc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Московский клинический научно-практический центр имени А.С. Логинова Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>53</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>194</fpage><lpage>205</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-18"><day>18</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-11-13"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Krotov G.A., Danilov M.A., Knyazev O.O., Tsvirkun V.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Кротов Г.А., Данилов М.А., Князев О.В., Цвиркун В.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krotov G.A., Danilov M.A., Knyazev O.O., Tsvirkun V.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кротов Г.А., Данилов М.А., Князев О.В., Цвиркун В.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/17519">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/17519</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction: </bold>Severe forms of ulcerative colitis (UC), pseudomembranous colitis (PMC), and ischemic colitis (IC) often exhibit clinical and morphological mimicry, complicating the differential diagnosis. In severe and fulminant cases, pathological changes in the colonic wall become increasingly uniform, thereby diminishing the impact of initial etiological factors on therapeutic decision-making. Currently, there are no clear clinical and laboratory criteria for predicting failure of conservative treatment in severe colitis.</p> <p><bold>Aim:</bold> To identify factors associated with unfavorable outcomes of conservative therapy in patients with severe and fulminant UC, PMC, and IC.</p> <p><bold>Methods: </bold>This was a single-center retrospective comparative cohort study in patients with severe and fulminant UC, PMC, and IC undergoing conservative treatment at the Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center from 2015 to 2024. Based on a multidisciplinary team consensus on the presence of relative indications for surgery, two groups matched by sex, age (± 5 years), and diagnosis were formed: the main group (n = 36) included patients who declined surgery and continued their conservative management; the control group (n = 36) was selected via 1:1 propensity matching from the cohort without any surgical indications.</p> <p><bold>Results:</bold> The cohort’s diagnostic distribution was as follows: UC (n = 42), PMC (n = 22), and IC (n = 8). Fulminant disease was significantly more frequent in the main group (15/36) than in the control group (2/36; p &lt; 0.001). The patients with relative surgical indications more often exhibited a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (12 <italic>vs</italic> 2 cases; p = 0.003) and in-hospital deaths (6 <italic>vs</italic> 0; p = 0.011). We were able to identify key predictors of mortality, such as PMC (odds ratio [OR] 8.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17–54.50), severe multiorgan dysfunction defined by a SOFA score ≥ 4 (OR 22.0; 95% CI 1.54–314.29), history of prior colonic resection (OR 20.0; 95% CI 1.95–204.73), the requirement for high-volume albumin infusion (≥ 1350 mL), being a marker of systemic decompensation and therapeutic intensity (OR 10.5; 95% CI 1.41–78.06), elevated serum creatinine (≥ 102.0 µmol/L; OR 28.8; 95% CI 2.62–315.30), and elevated serum urea (≥ 7.9 mmol/L; OR 40.0; 95% CI 3.42–468.07).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> Thus, in the patients with severe and fulminant colitis under conservative treatment, the risk stratification based on the predictors identified, reflecting the severity of systemic decompensation and multiorgan failure enables timely surgical decision-making when there is no clinical improvement during medical therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Тяжелые формы язвенного (ЯК), псевдомембранозного (ПМК) и ишемического колитов (ИК) часто демонстрируют клинико-морфологическую мимикрию, что затрудняет дифференциальную диагностику. При тяжелых и фульминантных формах наблюдается унификация патоморфологических изменений в стенке толстой кишки, что нивелирует влияние первоначальных этиологических факторов на выбор лечебной тактики. В настоящее время отсутствуют четко определенные клинико-лабораторные критерии, позволяющие прогнозировать неэффективность консервативной терапии при тяжелых формах колитов.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> – определить факторы, ассоциированные с неблагоприятным исходом консервативного лечения у пациентов с тяжелыми и фульминантными формами ЯК, ПМК и ИК.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> Проведено одноцентровое ретроспективное сравнительное когортное исследование, в которое были включены пациенты с тяжелыми и фульминантными формами ЯК, ПМК и ИК, получавшие консервативную терапию в ГБУЗ МКНЦ имени А. С. Логинова ДЗМ в период с 2015 по 2024 г. На основании решения мультидисциплинарного консилиума о наличии относительных показаний к операции были сформированы две группы, сопоставимые по полу, возрасту и нозологической форме: основная (n = 36) – пациенты, отказавшиеся от операции и продолжившие консервативное лечение, и контрольная (n = 36) – пациенты, отобранные методом парного подбора из когорты без хирургических показаний.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Структура исследуемой когорты по нозологическим формам была следующей: ЯК – 42 пациента, ПМК – 22, ИК – 8. В основной группе фульминантное течение отмечено у 15 пациентов, тогда как в контрольной – у 2 (p &lt; 0,001). У пациентов с относительными показаниями к операции чаще наблюдались синдром системной воспалительной реакции (12 <italic>vs</italic> 2 случаев; p = 0,003) и летальные исходы (6 <italic>vs</italic> 0; p = 0,011). Выявлены ключевые независимые предикторы летальности: ПМК (отношение шансов (ОШ) 8,0; 95% доверительный интервал (ДИ) 1,17–54,50), выраженная полиорганная дисфункция ≥ 4 баллов по шкале SOFA (ОШ 22,0; 95% ДИ 1,54–314,29), наличие операций на толстой кишке в анамнезе (ОШ 20,0; 95% ДИ 1,95–204,73), потребность в массивной инфузии альбумина ≥ 1350 мл, отражающая выраженность системной декомпенсации и интенсивность терапии (ОШ 10,5; 95% ДИ 1,41–78,06), повышение уровня сывороточного креатинина ≥ 102,0 мкмоль/л (ОШ 28,8; 95% ДИ 2,62–315,30) и мочевины ≥ 7,9 ммоль/л (ОШ 40,0; 95% ДИ 3,42–468,07).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Таким образом, у пациентов с тяжелыми и фульминантными колитами, получающих консервативную терапию, стратификация риска на основе выявленных предикторов, отражающих степень системной декомпенсации и полиорганной недостаточности, позволяет оптимизировать сроки принятия решения о хирургическом вмешательстве при отсутствии положительной динамики на фоне проводимого лечения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ulcerative colitis</kwd><kwd>pseudomembranous colitis</kwd><kwd>ischemic colitis</kwd><kwd>conservative treatment</kwd><kwd>prognostic factors</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>язвенный колит</kwd><kwd>псевдомембранозный колит</kwd><kwd>ишемический колит</kwd><kwd>консервативное лечение</kwd><kwd>прогностические факторы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Marwah S, Godara R, Das S. 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