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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17335</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2024-52-028</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">An association between the blood perfusion parameters in foot tissues and the severity of arterial occlusion and stenosis in the lower extremities</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ассоциация между показателями перфузии крови в тканях стопы и степенью выраженности окклюзионно-стенотического поражения артерий нижних конечностей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4146-930X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5110-9535</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasulina</surname><given-names>Ksenia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красулина</surname><given-names>Ксения Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Endocrinologist, Junior Research Fellow, Laboratory of Medical and Physical Research</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-эндокринолог, мл. науч. сотр. лаборатории медико-физических исследований</p></bio><email>krasulinaka@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8830-7503</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6043-5943</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Glazkova</surname><given-names>Polina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глазкова</surname><given-names>Полина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Endocrinologist, Senior Research Fellow, Laboratory of Medical and Physical Research</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, врач-эндокринолог, ст. науч. сотр. лаборатории медико-физических исследований</p></bio><email>polinikul@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6122-0638</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3250-1882</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Glazkov</surname><given-names>Alexey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глазков</surname><given-names>Алексей Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Senior Research Fellow, Laboratory of Medical and Physical Research</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаборатории медико-физических исследований</p></bio><email>aaglazkov@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0303-1904</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5362-7218</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Selivanova</surname><given-names>Darya S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селиванова</surname><given-names>Дарья Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory Technician, Laboratory of Medical and Physical Research</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ст. лаборант лаборатории медико-физических исследований</p></bio><email>selivanova@medphyslab.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9917-7652</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9890-1876</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zagarov</surname><given-names>Sergei S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Загаров</surname><given-names>Сергей Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Cardiovascular Surgeon, Research Fellow, Associate Professor, Chair of Cardiovascular Surgery, Postgraduate Training Faculty</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, врач сердечно-сосудистый хирург, науч. сотр., доцент кафедры сердечно-сосудистой хирургии факультета усовершенствования врачей</p></bio><email>szagarov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9209-5471</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vataev</surname><given-names>Akhmed V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ватаев</surname><given-names>Ахмед Вахаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cardiovascular Surgeon, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач сердечно-сосудистый хирург отделения хирургии сосудов и ИБС</p></bio><email>Ahmed.vataev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2778-4699</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2299-8844</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Larkov</surname><given-names>Roman N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларьков</surname><given-names>Роман Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Head of the Chair Cardiovascular Surgery, Postgraduate Training Faculty; Head of the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой сердечно-сосудистой хирургии факультета усовершенствования врачей, руководитель отделения хирургии сосудов и ИБС</p></bio><email>romanlar@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7755-308X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9130-8111</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rogatkin</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рогаткин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Engineering, Head of Laboratory of Medical and Physical Research</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук, зав. лабораторией медико-физических исследований</p></bio><email>Rogatkin@medphyslab.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-11-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-11-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>52</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>269</fpage><lpage>279</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-08-28"><day>28</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-10-16"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Krasulina K.A., Glazkova P.A., Glazkov A.A., Selivanova D.S., Zagarov S.S., Vataev A.V., Larkov R.N., Rogatkin D.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Красулина К.А., Глазкова П.А., Глазков А.А., Селиванова Д.С., Загаров С.С., Ватаев А.В., Ларьков Р.Н., Рогаткин Д.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krasulina K.A., Glazkova P.A., Glazkov A.A., Selivanova D.S., Zagarov S.S., Vataev A.V., Larkov R.N., Rogatkin D.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Красулина К.А., Глазкова П.А., Глазков А.А., Селиванова Д.С., Загаров С.С., Ватаев А.В., Ларьков Р.Н., Рогаткин Д.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/17335">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/17335</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Rationale:</bold> Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is common among the elderly and increases the risk of cardiovascular events, disability and death. PAD course and outcomes depend not only on the condition of macrovasculature but also on the tissue perfusion. We have previously shown that Type 2 diabetic patients with lower extremity ischemia have significantly lower perfusion than healthy volunteers, and the ratio of basal perfusion in the arm and leg (BP1/BP3) measured by incoherent optical fluctuation flowmetry (IOFF) allows to identify hemodynamically significant stenoses.</p> <p><bold>Aim:</bold> To analyze associations between perfusion parameters registered by IOFF and the severity of vascular involvement in PAD patients.</p> <p><bold>Methods:</bold> This single center cross-sectional study included 38 PAD patients admitted to the Department of Vascular Surgery and Coronary Artery Disease. The arteries were assessed with duplex Doppler ultrasonography (DDU), according to the results of which the PAD severity score and ankle-brachial index (ABI) were calculated. Skin microhemodynamic parameters were recorded by IOFF. The basal perfusion on the arm (BP1), the dorsal foot surface and the toe (BP2 and BP3), the ratio BP1/BP3, local thermal hyperemia (LTH2 and LTH3) and an increase in perfusion after heating on two leg zones (LTH2-BP2, LTH3-BP3) were evaluated and expressed in perfusion units (PU). BP1, BP3, and BP1/BP3 values were additionally measured with laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). The analysis was performed depending on the degree of arterial involvement determined by DDU for each limb separately (n = 73). There were ≥ 50% stenoses in 15 extremities (Group 1), occlusion of one of the major arteries in 42 (Group 2) and ≥ 2 occlusions in 16 lower extremities (Group 3).</p> <p><bold>Results:</bold> In the groups 1, 2 and 3, the values of most parameters estimated by IOFF decreased with an increase in severity of limb lesions. As an example, the respective perfusion parameters for the big toe in the study groups were as follows: BP3 4.0 [2.0; 9.8], 2.2 [0.9; 3.7] and 1.1 [0.7; 2.6] PU (p = 0.007); LTH3 10.0 [6.4; 14.9], 5.0 [1.5; 7.8] and 2.5 [1.4; 4.5] PU (p &lt; 0.001), and LTH3-BP3 3.8 [2.6; 7.8], 2.4 [0.6; 4.3] and 1.2 [0.4; 1.5] PU (p = 0.001). The BP1/BP3 ratio in the above mentioned group increased: 1.8 [0.8; 7.7], 7.2 [3.4; 21.3] and 14.2 [6.6; 18.3] (p = 0.004), respectively. No similar trend was found for this parameter registered by LDF. There were significant correlations between the lower extremities perfusion parameters measured by IOFF and ABI, with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.365 to 0.717 (p &lt; 0.05).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> The functional parameters of the skin microhemodynamics vary with different PAD severity. In addition, they correlate with clinical indicators of atherosclerosis. The IOFF technique can be promising as an additional quantitative method for assessment of microvascular blood flow in patients with PAD.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Заболевания артерий нижних конечностей (ЗАНК) – распространенная патология среди людей пожилого возраста, увеличивающая риск сердечно-сосудистых событий, инвалидизации и смерти. Течение и исходы ЗАНК зависят не только от состояния крупных сосудов, но и от перфузии тканей. Ранее нами показано, что у больных сахарным диабетом 2-го типа с ишемией нижних конечностей перфузия значимо ниже, чем у здоровых добровольцев, а соотношение уровней базовой перфузии на руке и ноге (БП1/БП3), измеренной методом некогерентной оптической флуктуационной флоуметрии (НОФФ), позволяет обнаруживать гемодинамически значимые стенозы.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> – анализ ассоциаций между показателями перфузии, регистрируемыми методом НОФФ, и тяжестью поражения сосудов у пациентов с ЗАНК.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> В одноцентровое поперечное исследование включили 38 пациентов с ЗАНК, госпитализированных в отделение хирургии сосудов и ИБС. Состояние артерий оценивали с помощью ультразвукового допплеровского сканирования (УЗДС), по результатам которого рассчитывали балл выраженности ЗАНК и лодыжечно-плечевой индекс (ЛПИ). Параметры микрогемодинамики кожи регистрировали посредством НОФФ. Оценивали базовую перфузию на руке (БП1), тыльной стороне и большом пальце стопы (БП2 и БП3), соотношение БП1/БП3, локальную тепловую гиперемию (ЛТГ2 и ЛТГ3) и прирост перфузии после нагрева на двух зонах ноги (ЛТГ2-БП2, ЛТГ3-БП3), выраженные в перфузионных единицах (ПЕ). Дополнительно показатели БП1, БП3, БП1/БП3 измеряли методом лазерной доплеровской флоуметрии (ЛДФ). Анализ проводили в зависимости от степени поражения артерий, определенной по УЗДС, отдельно по каждой конечности (n = 73). На 15 конечностях диагностирован гемодинамически значимый стеноз (группа 1), на 42 – наличие окклюзии в одной из магистральных артерий (группа 2), на 16 – наличие 2 и более окклюзий в магистральных артериях (группа 3).</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В группах 1, 2 и 3 большинство параметров, оцененных методом НОФФ, снижалось по мере увеличения тяжести поражения конечностей. На примере показателей перфузии, зарегистрированных на большом пальце, БП3 составила в группах исследования соответственно 4,0 [2,0; 9,8], 2,2 [0,9; 3,7] и 1,1 [0,7; 2,6] ПЕ (p = 0,007), ЛТГ3 – 10,0 [6,4; 14,9], 5,0 [1,5; 7,8] и 2,5 [1,4; 4,5] ПЕ (p &lt; 0,001), ЛТГ3-БП3 – 3,8 [2,6; 7,8], 2,4 [0,6; 4,3] и 1,2 [0,4; 1,5] ПЕ (p = 0,001). Соотношение БП1/БП3 повышалось и оказалось равным в вышеуказанных группах 1,8 [0,8; 7,7], 7,2 [3,4; 21,3] и 14,2 [6,6; 18,3] соответственно (p = 0,004). Для этого показателя, зарегистрированного с помощью ЛДФ, подобной тенденции отмечено не было. Выявлены значимые корреляции между показателями перфузии, измеренными методом НОФФ, на нижних конечностях и ЛПИ (коэффициенты корреляции принимали значения от 0,365 до 0,717; p &lt; 0,05).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Функциональные параметры кожной микрогемодинамики изменяются в зависимости от тяжести ЗАНК. Кроме того, они коррелируют с клиническими показателями атеросклероза. Метод НОФФ имеет перспективы для использования в качестве дополнительного количественного метода оценки состояния микрососудистого кровотока у пациентов с ЗАНК.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>peripheral artery disease</kwd><kwd>skin</kwd><kwd>microcirculation</kwd><kwd>incoherent optical fluctuation flowmetry</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>заболевания артерий нижних конечностей</kwd><kwd>кожная микроциркуляция</kwd><kwd>некогерентная оптическая флуктуационная флоуметрия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Aday AW, Matsushita K. Epidemiology of peripheral artery disease and polyvascular disease. 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