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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17309</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2024-52-027</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Low sensitivity of chromogranin A in the diagnosis of insulinoma: a single-center study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Низкая чувствительность циркулирующего хромогранина А в диагностике инсулиномы: результаты одноцентрового исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8771-8300</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57109367700</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">P-5181-2015</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4963-8340</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yukina</surname><given-names>Marina Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юкина</surname><given-names>Марина Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Head of the Department of Therapy for Thyroid, Adrenal Diseases and Obesity</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зав. отделением терапии заболеваний щитовидной железы, надпочечников и ожирения</p></bio><email>Yukina.Marina@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-8702</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Troshina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трошина</surname><given-names>Екатерина Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Corr. Member of Russ. Acad. Sci., Director of the Institute of Clinical Endocrinology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, чл.-корр. РАН, директор Института клинической эндокринологии</p></bio><email>Troshina.Ekaterina@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6876-3336</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nuralieva</surname><given-names>Nurana F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нуралиева</surname><given-names>Нурана Фейзуллаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Senior Research Fellow, Department of Therapy for Thyroid, Adrenal Diseases and Obesity</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отделения терапии заболеваний щитовидной железы, надпочечников и ожирения</p></bio><email>Nuralieva.Nurana@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6733-0958</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rebrova</surname><given-names>Olga Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Реброва</surname><given-names>Ольга Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Institute of Higher and Additional Professional Education; Professor, Chair of Medical Cybernetics and Informatics, Medical and Biology Faculty</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор Института высшего и дополнительного профессионального образования; профессор кафедры медицинской кибернетики и информатики медико-биологического факультета</p></bio><email>o.yu.rebrova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-8240</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikankina</surname><given-names>Larisa V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никанкина</surname><given-names>Лариса Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Head of Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зав. клинико-диагностической лабораторией</p></bio><email>Nikankina.Larisa@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9717-9742</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mokrysheva</surname><given-names>Natalia G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мокрышева</surname><given-names>Наталья Георгиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Corr. Member of Russ. Acad. Sci., Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, член-корр. РАН, директор</p></bio><email>mokrisheva.natalia@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-10-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-11-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>52</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>259</fpage><lpage>268</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-08-04"><day>04</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-10-08"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Yukina M.Y., Troshina E.A., Nuralieva N.F., Rebrova O.Y., Nikankina L.V., Mokrysheva N.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Юкина М.Ю., Трошина Е.А., Нуралиева Н.Ф., Реброва О.Ю., Никанкина Л.В., Мокрышева Н.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yukina M.Y., Troshina E.A., Nuralieva N.F., Rebrova O.Y., Nikankina L.V., Mokrysheva N.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юкина М.Ю., Трошина Е.А., Нуралиева Н.Ф., Реброва О.Ю., Никанкина Л.В., Мокрышева Н.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/17309">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/17309</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background:</bold> Insulinoma is a neuroendocrine tumor (NET), with its main clinical manifestation being the hypoglycemic syndrome. The symptoms of hypoglycemia are nonspecific, and therefore, in most cases, the diagnosis is made untimely. The Russian clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of NET suggest as a diagnostic test that the universal circulating marker of all NET, chromogranin A (CgA) be determined. However, the literature data on the sensitivity of CgA in the diagnosis of insulinoma are contradictory.</p> <p><bold>Aim:</bold> To evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of the CgA test in the diagnosis of insulinoma.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods:</bold> This was a hospital-based single-center, cross-sectional comparative (first step) and prospective non-comparative (second step) study conducted from 2016 to 2022. During the first part of the study, we determined serum CgA in 120 patients with suspected non-diabetic hypoglycemia and compared its levels in the patients with and without confirmed insulinoma (n = 87 and n = 33, respectively). During the second study step, CgA was measured in the insulinoma patients at 6 [4.0; 7.0] months after surgery. The CgA levels at baseline and post-surgery were analyzed in 74 patients (those with recurring non-diabetic hypoglycemia were excluded from the analysis).</p> <p><bold>Results:</bold> In the study subjects without insulinoma, the median CgA level was 0.7 [0.5; 1.1] (range, 0.1 to 2.0) nmol/l and the difference (with Bonferroni adjustment) from its levels in the patients with insulinoma before surgery was non-significant (1.0 [0.7; 1.4], range, 0.1 to 8.5 nmol/l, р = 0.045). The CgA concentration in the insulinoma patients after surgery was 0.9 [0.7; 1.2], range, 0 to 1.9 nmol/l and significantly differed from that at baseline (1.0 [0.7; 1.4], range, 0.1 to 8.5 nmol/l, p = 0.012, Wilcoxon test). In the patients with insulinoma before surgery the CgA levels exceeding the generally accepted reference range (&gt; 2 nmol/l) was found in 11.5% (n = 10), with its median level of 2.5 [2.3; 4.1], range 2.3 to 8.5 nmol/l. There were no significant associations between the CgA levels and localization, tumor numbers, their size and malignization grade, insulin and proinsulin values, and duration of fasting. The sensitivity and specificity of the CgA test were 12% [95% confidence interval [CI]: 6%–20%] and 100% [95% CI: 97%–100%], respectively. The prognostic value of a positive result (PVPR) was 100% [95% CI: 69%–100%] and the prognostic value of a negative result (PVNR) 30% [95% CI: 28%–32%].</p> <p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> As a diagnostic test, CgA has high specificity and prognostic value of a positive result. However, the uncertainty of the prognostic value of a negative result is unacceptably high. A special study is required to clarify the operational characteristics of CgA in insulinoma.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Инсулинома – нейроэндокринная опухоль (НЭО), основным клиническим признаком которой является гипогликемический синдром. Вследствие неспецифичности симптомов гипогликемии диагноз инсулиномы в большинстве случаев устанавливается несвоевременно. Российские клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению НЭО предлагают в качестве диагностического теста определять универсальный циркулирующий маркер всех НЭО – уровень хромогранина А (ХгА). При этом данные литературы о чувствительности и специфичности ХгА в диагностике инсулиномы противоречивы.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> – оценить эффективность исследования ХгА в диагностике инсулиномы.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> В период с 2016 по 2022 г. проведены одномоментное сравнительное и проспективное несравнительное исследования. На первом этапе у 120 пациентов с подозрением на недиабетическую гипогликемию исследовали сывороточный ХгА, выполнено сравнение групп больных с установленным диагнозом инсулиномы (n = 87) и без инсулиномы (n = 33). На втором этапе у пациентов с инсулиномой через 6 [4; 7] месяцев после операции повторно исследовали ХгА. Уровень ХгА до и после операции проанализирован у 74 больных (пациенты с рецидивом недиабетической гипогликемии исключены из анализа).</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> У обследованных без инсулиномы уровень ХгА составил: медиана 0,7 [0,5; 1,1], (минимальное и максимальное значения: 0,1; 2,0) нмоль/л и, с учетом поправки Бонферрони, значимо не отличался от аналогичного показателя пациентов с инсулиномой до оперативного лечения – 1,0 [0,7; 1,4], (0,1; 8,5) нмоль/л (р = 0,045). Концентрация ХгА у пациентов с инсулиномой после операции составила 0,9 [0,7; 1,2], (0; 1,9) нмоль/л и значимо отличалась от соответствующего показателя до операции (р = 0,012, критерий Вилкоксона). У пациентов с инсулиномой до оперативного лечения повышение ХгА относительно общепринятого референсного диапазона (&gt; 2 нмоль/л) зафиксировано в 11,5% (n = 10) случаев, медиана была 2,5 [2,3; 4,1], (2,3; 8,5) нмоль/л. Статистически значимых связей ХгА с локализацией, числом опухолей, их размером и степенью злокачественности, показателями инсулина и проинсулина, длительностью голодания не установлено. Чувствительность и специфичность определения ХгА составили 12% (95% доверительный интервал (ДИ) 6–20) и 100% (95% ДИ 97–100) соответственно, прогностическая ценность положительного результата – 100% (95% ДИ 69–100), прогностическая ценность отрицательного результата – 30% (95% ДИ 28–32).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Исследование ХгА в качестве диагностического теста имеет высокую специфичность и прогностическую ценность положительного результата, однако неопределенность показателя прогностической ценности отрицательного результата неприемлемо высока. Требуется проведение специального исследования для уточнения операционных характеристик ХгА в отношении инсулиномы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>insulinoma</kwd><kwd>chromogranin A</kwd><kwd>diagnostic efficacy</kwd><kwd>tumor marker</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инсулинома</kwd><kwd>хромогранин А</kwd><kwd>диагностическая эффективность</kwd><kwd>опухолевый маркер</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>075-15-2022-310</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Iglesias P, Díez JJ. 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