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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1627</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-058</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The results of systemic thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke in women and men depending on the stroke risk factors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Результаты системной тромболитической терапии ишемического инсульта у женщин и мужчин в зависимости от наличия факторов риска инсульта</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8706-7317</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotov</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котов</surname><given-names>Сергей Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Chief Research Fellow, Department of Therapy; Head of Chair of Neurology, Postgraduate Training Faculty</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, гл. науч. сотр. отдела терапии, заведующий кафедрой неврологии факультета усовершенствования врачей</p></bio><email>kotovsv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3866-9485</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belkina</surname><given-names>Svetlana N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белкина</surname><given-names>Светлана Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Chair of Neurology, Postgraduate Training Faculty; neurologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры неврологии факультета усовершенствования врачей, врач-невролог</p></bio><email>cveto4ekDOC@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-1128</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Isakova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исакова</surname><given-names>Елена Валентиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Leading Research Fellow, Department of Neurology; Professor, Chair of Neurology, Postgraduate Training Faculty</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. неврологического отделения, профессор кафедры неврологии факультета усовершенствования врачей</p></bio><email>isakovael@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2988-5706</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotov</surname><given-names>Alexey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котов</surname><given-names>Алексей Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Head of Department of Neurology; Professor, Chair of Neurology, Postgraduate Training Faculty</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент, заведующий неврологическим отделением по разделу «Наука», профессор кафедры неврологии факультета усовершенствования врачей</p></bio><email>alex-013@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Voskresensk First Regional Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ МО «Воскресенская первая районная больница»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>50</volume><issue>8</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>481</fpage><lpage>489</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-01-11"><day>11</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-01-27"><day>27</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Kotov S.V., Belkina S.N., Isakova E.V., Kotov A.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Котов С.В., Белкина С.Н., Исакова Е.В., Котов А.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kotov S.V., Belkina S.N., Isakova E.V., Kotov A.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Котов С.В., Белкина С.Н., Исакова Е.В., Котов А.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/1627">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/1627</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>: Systemic thrombolytic therapy (STLT) with alteplase is the method of choice in all patients with acute ischemic stroke (IS) within the first 4.5 hours after the symptom onset. There is a noticeable difference between men and women in the clinical characteristics and results of stroke treatment; however, results of studies have been contradictory.</p> <p><bold>Aim</bold>: To evaluate the efficacy of STLT with alteplase in women compared to men, depending on the presence of some risk factors for stroke.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>: This open-label prospective observational non-interventional cohort study of STLT in IS included 209 patients (102 women, the main group, and 107 men, or the comparison group) aged 32 to 86 years. All patients received STLT with alteplase within 4.5 hours from the onset of IS symptoms. The primary endpoint of the study was 28-day survival, and the secondary endpoint was the achievement of mobility independence (0 to 2 points by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS)).</p> <p><bold>Results</bold>: The demographic and clinical patient characteristics of both groups were comparable, but women were on average 5 years older than men (p = 0.003). The index IS was not the first one in 31.4% of women and 23.4% of men (p &gt; 0.05). There were no significant differences in the severity of stroke and the timing of STLT. Men had a high mortality rate in the acute period of IS, but the difference was non-significant. PST-STLT hemorrhagic transformation was more common in men, with the difference being non-significant (χ<sup>2</sup> 0.743, p = 0.389). Women were more likely to have type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) (37.3% and 20.6%, respectively, χ<sup>2</sup> 7.111, p = 0.008). In women, there was a trend towards better symptom regression by about 1 point (p = 0.129). The women with DM2 had a 13% higher survival than men (p = 0.038). The numbers of patients achieving independence (0–2 points on the mRS scale) by Day 28 was not different (56 women and 52 men). No between-groups differences were found in the numbers of patients with arterial hypertension and atrial fibrillation. Only 13 women (12.75%) and 21 men (20%) had a normal body mass index, while 56.3% of women and 46.7% of men had obesity 2 or 3 grades, with the gender differences being non-significant.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion</bold>: In women, who have received STLT in the acute period of IS, the death rates and the functional outcomes were non-inferior to those in men, despite their older age, hyperglycemia in the acute period and past history of DM2. The risk factors for stroke in women, compared to men, could be the potential cause of more frequent IS recurrence (every third case in women and every fourth in men was recurrent). Despite a number of negative factors (age, obesity, metabolic syndrome, hyperglycemia, DM2, atrial fibrillation), there was a trend towards better outcomes of STLT in women.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность</bold>. Системная тромболитическая терапия (СТЛТ) препаратами алтеплазы – метод выбора у всех больных с острым ишемическим инсультом (ИИ) в первые 4,5 часа после появления симптомов. Существует заметная разница между мужчинами и женщинами в клинических характеристиках и результатах лечения инсульта, однако данные исследований противоре­чивы.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> – оценка эффективности СТЛТ препаратами алтеплазы у женщин по сравнению с мужчинами в зависимости от наличия тех или иных факторов риска развития инсульта.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы</bold>. В открытое проспективное наблюдательное неинтервенционное когортное исследование результатов СТЛТ с ИИ включены 209 больных в возрасте от 32 до 86 лет: 102 женщины (основная группа) и 107 мужчин (группа сравнения). Всем больным выполнена СТЛТ препаратами алтеплазы в течение 4,5 часа от появления первых симптомов ИИ. Первичной конечной точкой исследования была выживаемость в течение 28 дней, вторичной – достижение независимости в передвижении по модифицированной шкале Рэнкина (mRS) – 0–2 балла.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Демографические и клинические характеристики больных в основной группе и группе сравнения были сопоставимы, женщины в среднем были старше на 5 лет (р = 0,003). ИИ был повторным у 31,4% женщин и 23,4% мужчин (р &gt; 0,05). Не было никаких существенных различий в тяжести инсульта и сроках СТЛТ. У мужчин отмечена большая летальность в остром периоде ИИ, однако различие было статистически незначимо. Геморрагическая трансформация после СТЛТ чаще встречалась у мужчин, но различие незначимо (критерий χ<sup>2</sup> 0,743, р = 0,389). Женщины чаще болели сахарным диабетом 2-го типа (СД2) (37,3 и 20,6% соответственно, критерий χ<sup>2</sup> 7,111, р = 0,008). У женщин наблюдалась тенденция к лучшему регрессу симптомов – примерно на 1 балл (р = 0,129). Женщин с СД2 выжило на 13% больше, чем мужчин (р = 0,038). Количество пациентов, достигших самостоятельности к 28-м суткам (0–2 балла по шкале MRS), – 56 женщин и 52 мужчины – статистически не различалось. Группы статистически значимо не различались по количеству пациентов с артериальной гипертензией и мерцательной аритмией. Нормальный индекс массы тела был только у 13 (12,75%) женщин и у 21 (20%) мужчины; 56,3% женщин и 46,7% мужчин имели ожирение 2–3-й степени, но различие между полами по этому признаку также не было статистически значимым.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. У женщин, получавших СТЛТ в остром периоде ИИ, летальность не отличалась и функциональный исход был не хуже, чем у мужчин, несмотря на более старший возраст, наличие гипергликемии в остром периоде и СД2 в анамнезе. Наличие факторов риска развития инсульта у женщин по сравнению с мужчинами, вероятно, стало причиной более частого рецидивирования ИИ (каждый третий случай у женщин, каждый четвертый у мужчин). Несмотря на наличие ряда негативных факторов (возраст, ожирение, метаболический синдром, гипергликемия, СД2, фибрилляция предсердий), у женщин отмечена тенденция к лучшим результатам СТЛТ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>women</kwd><kwd>men</kwd><kwd>stroke</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>systemic thrombolytic therapy</kwd><kwd>alteplase</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>женщины</kwd><kwd>мужчины</kwd><kwd>инсульт</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>системная тромболитическая терапия</kwd><kwd>алтеплаза</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Hankey GJ. Stroke. 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