<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1575</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-015</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Acute arthritis associated with COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Острый артрит, ассоциированный с COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3984-8482</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Taradin</surname><given-names>Gennadiy G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарадин</surname><given-names>Геннадий Геннадиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="DP">Donetsk People's Republic</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Head of Chair of Therapy, Faculty of Internship and Postgraduate Training named after A.I. Dyadyk; Senior Research Fellow, Department of Urgent Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой терапии факультета интернатуры и последипломного образования им. проф. А.И. Дядыка, старший научный сотрудник отдела неотложной кардиологии и кардиохирургии</p></bio><email>taradin@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5547-6741</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kugler</surname><given-names>Tatyana E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куглер</surname><given-names>Татьяна Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="DP">Donetsk People's Republic</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Chair of Therapy, Faculty of Internship and Postgraduate Training named after A.I. Dyadyk</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры терапии факультета интернатуры и последипломного образования им. проф. А.И. Дядыка</p></bio><email>kugler2@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malovichko</surname><given-names>Irina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маловичко</surname><given-names>Ирина Станиславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="DP">Donetsk People's Republic</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Chair of Therapy, Faculty of Internship and Postgraduate Training named after A.I. Dyadyk</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры терапии факультета интернатуры и последипломного образования им. проф. А.И. Дядыка</p></bio><email>irina.pogorzhel@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kononenko</surname><given-names>Liudmila V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кононенко</surname><given-names>Людмила Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="DP">Donetsk People's Republic</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>general practitioner</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-терапевт</p></bio><email>milsik666@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГОО ВПО «Донецкий национальный медицинский университет им. М. Горького»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Urgent and Recovery Surgery named after V.K. Gusak</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГУ «Институт неотложной и восстановительной хирургии им. В.К. Гусака» Минздрава ДНР</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center for Primary Health Care No. 2 (Ambulatory Clinic No. 5)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр первичной медико-санитарной помощи № 2 (амбулатория № 5) г. Донецка</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-06-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-07-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>50</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>139</fpage><lpage>148</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-11-10"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-05-30"><day>30</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Taradin G.G., Kugler T.E., Malovichko I.S., Kononenko L.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Тарадин Г.Г., Куглер Т.Е., Маловичко И.С., Кононенко Л.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Taradin G.G., Kugler T.E., Malovichko I.S., Kononenko L.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тарадин Г.Г., Куглер Т.Е., Маловичко И.С., Кононенко Л.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/1575">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/1575</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is usually characterized by respiratory symptoms, but can have a wide range of clinical manifestations. The growing interest is focusing on the short-term and long-term immune-mediated sequelae triggered by the COVID-19. One of these complications is post-infectious arthritis, classified by some authors as reactive. This paper summarizes and analyzes 25 clinical cases of COVID-19-associated acute arthritis that have been published from January 2020 to November 2021. The mean age of the patients was 46 ± 14 years, with the disease being more prevalent in men than in women. Joint lesions were mono- or polyarticular, with predominant involvement of the joints of the lower extremities. HLA-B27 antigen was determined in 13 of 25 patients and was found in 30% of cases. Like many other viral diseases, the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 caused by coronavirus can act as a causative agent or a trigger in the development of inflammatory arthritis in predisposed individuals. The post-infectious arthritis should be differentiated from diseases that can manifest with a similar clinical presentation, which requires a complex of laboratory and instrumental studies. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticosteroids are successfully used in the treatment. The number of cases of post-COVID-19-arthritis is increasing, which urges further studies of its pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment regimens.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Коронавирусная инфекция (COVID-19) обычно характеризуется респираторными симптомами, однако может иметь широкий спектр клинических проявлений. Растущий интерес вызывают краткосрочные и долгосрочные иммуноопосредованные последствия, вызванные COVID-19. Одно из таких осложнений – постинфекционный артрит, классифицируемый некоторыми авторами как реактивный. В статье обобщены и проанализированы опубликованные в литературе с января 2020 по ноябрь 2021 года 25 клинических наблюдений острого артрита, ассоциированного с COVID-19. Средний возраст пациентов составил 46 ± 14 лет, при этом мужчины болели чаще, чем женщины. Поражение суставов было моно- или полиартикулярным, с преимущественным вовлечением суставов нижних конечностей. Определение антигена HLA-B27 выполнено у 13 из 25 пациентов и в 30% случаев показало положительный результат. Как и многие другие вирусные заболевания, коронавирус тяжелого острого респираторного синдрома 2 может выступать в качестве возбудителя или триггера развития воспалительного артрита у предрасположенных людей. Следует проводить дифференциальную диагностику постинфекционного артрита с заболеваниями, которые могут проявляться схожей клинической картиной, для чего необходимо выполнение комплекса лабораторных и инструментальных исследований. Для лечения успешно используются нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты и глюкокортикостероиды. Число случаев постковидного артрита растет, что делает актуальным дальнейшее изучение патогенеза, диагностики и схем лечения этого заболевания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>post-infectious arthritis</kwd><kwd>acute arthritis</kwd><kwd>spondyloarthritis</kwd><kwd>rheumatic diseases</kwd><kwd>molecular mimicry</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>постинфекционный артрит</kwd><kwd>острый артрит</kwd><kwd>спондилоартрит</kwd><kwd>ревматические заболевания</kwd><kwd>молекулярная мимикрия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard [Internet]. Available from: https://covid19.who.int/.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Zeidler H. Post-COVID-19-Arthritis. Manifestation unter dem klinischen Bild einer reaktiven Arthritis [Post-Corona-Virus-Disease-19 arthritis. Manifestation under the clinical picture of a reactive arthritis]. Z Rheumatol. 2021;80(6):555–558. German. doi: 10.1007/s00393-021-01045-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Ahmed S, Zimba O, Gasparyan AY. COVID-19 and the clinical course of rheumatic manifestations. Clin Rheumatol. 2021;40(7):2611–2619. doi: 10.1007/s10067-021-05691-x.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belov BS, Shubin SV, Balabanova RM, Erdes SF. Reactive arthritis. Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2015;53(4):414–420. Russian. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2015-414-420.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белов БС, Шубин СВ, Балабанова РМ, Эрдес ШФ. Реактивные артриты. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2015;53(4):414–420. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2015-414-420.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Schmitt SK. Reactive Arthritis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2017;31(2):265–277. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2017.01.002.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Bentaleb I, Abdelghani KB, Rostom S, Amine B, Laatar A, Bahiri R. Reactive Arthritis: Update. Curr Clin Microbiol Rep. 2020:1–9. doi: 10.1007/s40588-020-00152-6. Epub ahead of print.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Misra R, Gupta L. Epidemiology: Time to revisit the concept of reactive arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017;13(6):327–328. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.69.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balabanova RM. On the diagnosis and coding of reactive arthropathies. Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2020;14(2):41–44. Russian. doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2020-2-41-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балабанова РМ. К вопросу о диагностике и кодировании реактивных артропатий. Современная ревматология. 2020;14(2):41–44. doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2020-2-41-44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Zeidler H, Hudson AP. Reactive Arthritis Update: Spotlight on New and Rare Infectious Agents Implicated as Pathogens. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2021;23(7):53. doi: 10.1007/s11926-021-01018-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Parisi S, Borrelli R, Bianchi S, Fusaro E. Viral arthritis and COVID-19. Lancet Rheumatol. 2020;2(11):e655–e657. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30348-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Talarico R, Stagnaro C, Ferro F, Carli L, Mosca M. Symmetric peripheral polyarthritis developed during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lancet Rheumatol. 2020;2(9):e518–e519. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30216-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Saricaoglu EM, Hasanoglu I, Guner R. The first reactive arthritis case associated with COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2021;93(1):192–193. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26296.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Liew IY, Mak TM, Cui L, Vasoo S, Lim XR. A Case of Reactive Arthritis Secondary to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection. J Clin Rheumatol. 2020;26(6):233. doi: 10.1097/RHU.0000000000001560.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Ono K, Kishimoto M, Shimasaki T, Uchida H, Kurai D, Deshpande GA, Komagata Y, Kaname S. Reactive arthritis after COVID-19 infection. RMD Open. 2020;6(2):e001350. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001350.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Salvatierra J, Martínez-Peñalver D, Salvatierra-Velasco L. CoVid-19 related dactyitis. Joint Bone Spine. 2020;87(6):660. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2020.06.009.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Jali I. Reactive Arthritis After COVID-19 Infection. Cureus. 2020;12(11):e11761. doi: 10.7759/cureus.11761.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Danssaert Z, Raum G, Hemtasilpa S. Reactive Arthritis in a 37-Year-Old Female With SARS-CoV2 Infection. Cureus. 2020;12(8):e9698. doi: 10.7759/cureus.9698.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>De Stefano L, Rossi S, Montecucco C, Bugatti S. Transient monoarthritis and psoriatic skin lesions following COVID-19. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020:annrheumdis-2020-218520. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218520. Epub ahead of print.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Fragata I, Mourão AF. Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) complicated with post-viral arthritis. Acta Reumatol Port. 2020;45(4):278–280.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Gibson M, Sampat K, Coakley G. A self-limiting symmetrical polyarthritis following COVID-19 infection. Rheumatol Adv Pract. 2020;4(Suppl 1):rkaa052.014. doi: 10.1093/rap/rkaa052.014.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Ghauri IG, Mukarram MS, Ishaq K, Riaz SU. Post COVID-19 reactive arthritis: an emerging existence in the spectrum of musculoskeletal complications of SARS-CoV-2 ınfection. J Clin Stud Med Case Rep. 2020. doi: 10.24966/CSMC-8801/100101.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Alivernini S, Cingolani A, Gessi M, Paglionico A, Pasciuto G, Tolusso B, Fantoni M, Gremese E. Comparative analysis of synovial inflammation after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020:annrheumdis-2020-218315. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218315.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Yokogawa N, Minematsu N, Katano H, Suzuki T. Case of acute arthritis following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020:annrheumdis-2020-218281. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218281. Epub ahead of print.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Hønge BL, Hermansen MF, Storgaard M. Reactive arthritis after COVID-19. BMJ Case Rep. 2021;14(3):e241375. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-241375.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Schenker HM, Hagen M, Simon D, Schett G, Manger B. Reactive arthritis and cutaneous vasculitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021;60(1):479–480. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa689.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Gasparotto M, Framba V, Piovella C, Doria A, Iaccarino L. Post-COVID-19 arthritis: a case report and literature review. Clin Rheumatol. 2021;40(8):3357–3362. doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05550-1.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Sureja NP, Nandamuri D. Reactive arthritis after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Rheumatol Adv Pract. 2021;5(1):rkab001. doi: 10.1093/rap/rkab001.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Shokraee K, Moradi S, Eftekhari T, Shajari R, Masoumi M. Reactive arthritis in the right hip following COVID-19 infection: a case report. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines. 2021;7(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s40794-021-00142-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Kocyigit BF, Akyol A. Reactive arthritis after COVID-19: a case-based review. Rheumatol Int. 2021;41(11):2031–2039. doi: 10.1007/s00296-021-04998-x.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>El Hasbani G, Jawad A, Uthman I. Axial and peripheral spondyloarthritis triggered by sars-cov-2 infection: a report of two cases. Reumatismo. 2021;73(1):59–63. doi: 10.4081/reumatismo.2021.1374.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Coath FL, Mackay J, Gaffney JK. Axial presentation of reactive arthritis secondary to COVID-19 infection. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021;60(7):e232–e233. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab009.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Di Carlo M, Tardella M, Salaffi F. Can SARS-CoV-2 induce reactive arthritis? Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2021;39 Suppl 128(1):25–26.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Cincinelli G, Di Taranto R, Orsini F, Rindone A, Murgo A, Caporali R. A case report of monoarthritis in a COVID-19 patient and literature review: Simple actions for complex times. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021;100(23):e26089. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000026089.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Santacruz JC, Londoño J, Santos AM, Arzuaga A, Mantilla MJ. Extra-Articular Manifestations in Reactive Arthritis due to COVID-19. Cureus. 2021;13(10):e18620. doi: 10.7759/cureus.18620.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Colatutto D, Sonaglia A, Zabotti A, Cereser L, Girometti R, Quartuccio L. Post-COVID-19 Arthritis and Sacroiliitis: Natural History with Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Two Cases and Review of the Literature. Viruses. 2021;13(8):1558. doi: 10.3390/v13081558.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Saikali W, Gharib S. The first non-radiographic axial spondyloarthrits with COVID-19. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2021;9(3):628–631. doi: 10.1002/iid3.448.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rumiantceva DG, Urumova MM, Erdes SF. New coronavirus infection COVID-19 as a trigger for the development of symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis. Case report. Therapeutic archive. 2021;93(5):609–612. Russian. doi: 10.26442/00403660.2021.05.200793.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Румянцева ДГ, Урумова ММ, Эрдес ШФ. Новая коронавирусная инфекция COVID-19 как триггер развития симптомов анкилозирующего спондилита. Клиническое наблюдение. Терапевтический архив. 2021;93(5):609–612. doi: 10.26442/00403660.2021.05.200793.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yaroshevich BS. Clinical case of treatment of reactive arthritis associated with COVID-19 infection. In: Problems and prospects for the development of modern medicine: Collection of scientific articles of the XII Republican scientific-practical conference with international participation of students and young scientists: in 9 vol. 2021. Vol. 4. p. 216–217. Russian.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ярошевич БС. Клинический случай лечения реактивного артрита, ассоциированного с инфекцией СOVID-19. В: Проблемы и перспективы развития современной медицины: сборник научных статей XII Республиканской научно-практической конференции с международным участием студентов и молодых ученых: в 9 т. 2021.Т. 4. с. 216–217.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Egorova ON, Goloeva RG, Abdulganieva DI. Septal panniculitis as manifestation of COVID-19: own data. Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2021;15(4):31–37. Russian. doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2021-4-31-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Егорова ОН, Голоева РГ, Абдулганиева ДИ. Септальный панникулит как проявление COVID-19: собственные данные. Современная ревматология. 2021;15(4):31–37. doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2021-4-31-37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ershov VE, Krivova AV, Zakharov VP, Bystrov SV. Experience of using a systemic glucocorticosteroid as an initial therapy for post-COVID-19 arthritis in outpatient practice. Russian Medical Review. 2021;5(5):252–256. Russian. doi: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-5-252-256.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ершов ВЕ, Кривова АВ, Захаров ВП, Быстров СВ. Опыт применения системного глюкокортикостероида в качестве стартовой терапии постковидного артрита в амбулаторной практике. Русский медицинский журнал. Медицинское обозрение. 2021;5(5):252–256. doi: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-5-252-256.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z, Yu T, Xia J, Wei Y, Wu W, Xie X, Yin W, Li H, Liu M, Xiao Y, Gao H, Guo L, Xie J, Wang G, Jiang R, Gao Z, Jin Q, Wang J, Cao B. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497–506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>López-González MD, Peral-Garrido ML, Calabuig I, Tovar-Sugrañes E, Jovani V, Bernabeu P, García-Sevila R, León-Ramírez JM, Moreno-Perez O, Boix V, Gil J, Merino E, Vela P, Andrés M. Case series of acute arthritis during COVID-19 admission. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020:annrheumdis-2020-217914. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217914. Epub ahead of print.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nasonov EL. 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): contribution of rheumatology. Terapevticheskii arkhiv. - 2021. - Vol. 93. - N. 5. - P. 537–550. doi: 10.26442/00403660.2021.05.200799Nasonov EL. 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): contribution of rheumatology. Therapeutic archive. 2021;93(5):537–550. Russian. doi: 10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ. Коронавирусная болезнь 2019 (COVID-19): вклад ревматологии. Терапевтический архив. 2021;93(5):537–550. doi: 10.26442/00403660.2021.05.200799.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">26442/00403660.2021.05.200799.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galeotti C, Bayry J. Autoimmune and inflammatory diseases following COVID-19. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2020;16(8):413–414. doi: 10.1038/s41584-020-0448-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galeotti C, Bayry J. Autoimmune and inflammatory diseases following COVID-19. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2020;16(8):413–414. doi: 10.1038/s41584-020-0448-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lucchese G, Flöel A. SARS-CoV-2 and Guillain-Barré syndrome: molecular mimicry with human heat shock proteins as potential pathogenic mechanism. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2020;25(5):731–735. doi: 10.1007/s12192-020-01145-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lucchese G, Flöel A. SARS-CoV-2 and Guillain-Barré syndrome: molecular mimicry with human heat shock proteins as potential pathogenic mechanism. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2020;25(5):731–735. doi: 10.1007/s12192-020-01145-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ciaffi J, Meliconi R, Ruscitti P, Berardicurti O, Giacomelli R, Ursini F. Rheumatic manifestations of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Rheumatol. 2020;4:65. doi: 10.1186/s41927-020-00165-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ciaffi J, Meliconi R, Ruscitti P, Berardicurti O, Giacomelli R, Ursini F. Rheumatic manifestations of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Rheumatol. 2020;4:65. doi: 10.1186/s41927-020-00165-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wendling D, Verhoeven F, Chouk M, Prati C. Can SARS-CoV-2 trigger reactive arthritis? Joint Bone Spine. 2021;88(1):105086. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2020.105086.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wendling D, Verhoeven F, Chouk M, Prati C. Can SARS-CoV-2 trigger reactive arthritis? Joint Bone Spine. 2021;88(1):105086. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2020.105086.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zacharias H, Dubey S, Koduri G, D'Cruz D. Rheumatological complications of Covid 19. Autoimmun Rev. 2021;20(9):102883. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102883.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Zacharias H, Dubey S, Koduri G, D'Cruz D. Rheumatological complications of Covid 19. Autoimmun Rev. 2021;20(9):102883. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102883.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
