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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">15280</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2023-51-027</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Pegylated interferon in the treatment of chronic delta hepatitis: the experience from real-world clinical practice</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пегилированный интерферон в терапии хронического гепатита дельта – опыт реальной клинической практики</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2856-3297</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Magomedova</surname><given-names>Saniyat A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Магомедова</surname><given-names>Саният Ахмедгаджиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Chair of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Training and Professional's Background Faculty</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней факультета повышения квалификации и профессиональной подготовки специалистов</p></bio><email>saniyat-magomedova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bilalova</surname><given-names>Saida K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Билалова</surname><given-names>Саида Касумовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Chair of Infectious Diseases named after academician G.P. Rudnev</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней им. акад. Г.П. Руднева</p></bio><email>bilalovasdida@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Peradze</surname><given-names>Khatuna D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перадзе</surname><given-names>Хатуна Джемалиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Chair of Infectious Diseases of Adults and Epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней взрослых и эпидемиологии</p></bio><email>doct.peradze@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2656-3667</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Isaeva</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаева</surname><given-names>Ольга Владиславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biol. Sci., Leading Research Fellow, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis; Leading Research Fellow, Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, вед. науч. сотр. лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных гепатитов; вед. науч. сотр. лаборатории вирусных гепатитов</p></bio><email>isaeva.06@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7838-6965</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kichatova</surname><given-names>Vera S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кичатова</surname><given-names>Вера Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Senior Research Fellow, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis; Research Fellow, Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных гепатитов; науч. сотр. лаборатории вирусных гепатитов</p></bio><email>vera_kichatova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5501-5707</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malinnikova</surname><given-names>Elena Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малинникова</surname><given-names>Елена Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Leading Research Fellow, Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis; Head of Chair of Virology, Preventive Medicine and Healthcare Management</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. лаборатории вирусных гепатитов; заведующая кафедрой вирусологии факультета профилактической медицины и организации здравоохранения</p></bio><email>malinacgb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6029-1864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilchenko</surname><given-names>Liudmila Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильченко</surname><given-names>Людмила Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Leading Research Fellow; Professor, Chair of Hospital Therapy named after academician P.E. Lukomskiy, Faculty of General Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, вед. науч. сотр.; профессор кафедры госпитальной терапии им. акад. П.Е. Лукомского лечебного факультета</p></bio><email>ilchenko-med@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3599-117X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kyuregyan</surname><given-names>Karen K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кюрегян</surname><given-names>Карен Каренович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor of Russ. Acad. Sci., Head of Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis; Leading Research Fellow, Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор РАН, заведующий лабораторией молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных гепатитов; вед. науч. сотр. лаборатории вирусных гепатитов</p></bio><email>karen-kyuregyan@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-9044</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akimkin</surname><given-names>Vasiliy G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акимкин</surname><given-names>Василий Геннадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Member of Russ. Acad. Sci., Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, директор</p></bio><email>vgakimkin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6636-6801</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailov</surname><given-names>Mikhail I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>Михаил Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Corr. Member of Russ. Acad. Sci., Chief Research Fellow, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis; Head of Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, чл.-корр. РАН, гл. науч. сотр. лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных гепатитов; заведующий лабораторией вирусных гепатитов</p></bio><email>michmich2@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dagestan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Дагестанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute of Epidemiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-09-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-10-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>51</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>227</fpage><lpage>235</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-08-09"><day>09</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-09-15"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Magomedova S.A., Bilalova S.K., Peradze K.D., Isaeva O.V., Kichatova V.S., Malinnikova E.Y., Ilchenko L.Y., Kyuregyan K.K., Akimkin V.G., Mikhailov M.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Магомедова С.А., Билалова С.К., Перадзе Х.Д., Исаева О.В., Кичатова В.С., Малинникова Е.Ю., Ильченко Л.Ю., Кюрегян К.К., Акимкин В.Г., Михайлов М.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Magomedova S.A., Bilalova S.K., Peradze K.D., Isaeva O.V., Kichatova V.S., Malinnikova E.Y., Ilchenko L.Y., Kyuregyan K.K., Akimkin V.G., Mikhailov M.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Магомедова С.А., Билалова С.К., Перадзе Х.Д., Исаева О.В., Кичатова В.С., Малинникова Е.Ю., Ильченко Л.Ю., Кюрегян К.К., Акимкин В.Г., Михайлов М.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/15280">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/15280</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Rationale</bold>: The high prevalence of hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection in the Republic of Dagestan, significantly exceeding that in the European part of the Russian Federation, as well as the limited choice of therapeutic options, have led to the need to analyze the accumulated experience of interferon therapy in the real clinical practice to further select possible treatment regimens.</p> <p><bold>Aim</bold>: To evaluate the efficacy of pegylated interferon alpha (Peg-IFN-α) in patients with chronic hepatitis D (CHD) in real world clinical practice.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>: In a retrospective study, the efficacy, safety and tolerability of Peg-IFN-α were analyzed in 34 patients with CHD living in the Republic of Dagestan. Main virological parameters (anti-HDV antibodies (anti-HDV), HDV RNA and HBV DNA), alanine aminotransferase levels, changes over time in liver density by elastometry, and clinical parameters (hematology and urine tests, clinical chemistry, thyroid function tests) were assessed at 24 and 48 weeks of therapy, as well as at 48 weeks after its completion.</p> <p><bold>Results</bold>: The treatment with Peg-IFN-α for 48 weeks resulted in a virological response, defined as a HDV RNA decrease by more than 2 lg copies/mL, in 32% (11/34) of the patients. A sustained virological response, defined as undetectable HDV RNA at 48 weeks after the end of therapy, was not observed in any case. Treatment with interferon was associated with a decrease in liver density by average 4.1 kPa by week 48 on therapy. Normalization of alanine aminotransferase levels after 48 weeks of treatment was observed in 59% (20/34) of the patients; however, sustained biochemical response was achieved in none of them. Serious adverse events of high or moderate severity that resulted in the discontinuation of therapy were observed in 12% (4/34) of the cases.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion</bold>: The results obtained indicate low efficacy of Peg-IFN-α in the treatment of CHD in the Dagestan patients. Further research is needed to refine optimal interferon therapy regimens, to search for predictors of treatment response, and to evaluate the impact of interferon treatment regimens on the risk of hepatic complications, clinical outcomes, and patient survival. However, the most obvious solution to the problem of CHD therapy is the development and implementation of interferon-free treatment regimens.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Широкая распространенность инфекции, вызванной вирусом гепатита дельта (ВГD), в Республике Дагестан, значительно превышающая аналогичный показатель в европейской части Российской Федерации, а также ограниченный выбор терапевтических возможностей определили необходимость анализа накопленного опыта проведения интерферонотерапии в реальной клинической практике для дальнейшего выбора возможных схем лечения.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> – оценка эффективности пегилированного интерферона альфа (Пег-ИФН-α) у пациентов с хроническим гепатитом дельта (ХГD) в реальной клинической практике.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы</bold>. В ретроспективном исследовании анализировали эффективность, безопасность и переносимость Пег-ИФН-α у 34 пациентов с ХГD, проживающих в Республике Дагестан. На 24-й и 48-й неделях терапии, а также через 48 недель после ее завершения проводили определение основных вирусологических (антитела к ВГD (анти-ВГD), РНК ВГD и ДНК ВГB), биохимических (уровень аланинаминотрансферазы) параметров, динамики плотности печени при эластометрии; оценивали клинические параметры: общий анализ крови и мочи, биохимический анализ крови, функцию щитовидной железы.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Применение Пег-ИФН-α в течение 48 недель приводило к достижению вирусологического ответа, определяемого как снижение концентрации РНК ВГD более чем на 2 lg копий/мл, у 32% (11/34) пациентов. Устойчивый вирусологический ответ, определяемый как недетектируемая РНК ВГD через 48 недель после окончания терапии, не наблюдался ни в одном случае. На фоне интерферонотерапии у пациентов отмечали снижение плотности печени, в среднем на 4,1 кПа через 48 недель терапии. Нормализацию активности аланинаминотрансферазы через 48 недель лечения наблюдали у 59% (20/34) пациентов, однако устойчивый биохимический ответ не был достигнут ни у одного из них. Возникновение серьезных нежелательных явлений тяжелой и умеренной степени, приведших к отмене терапии, отмечалось в 12% (4/34) случаев.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о низкой эффективности монотерапии Пег-ИФН-α для лечения ХГD у дагестанских пациентов. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования по уточнению оптимальных режимов интерферонотерапии, поиску предикторов ответа на лечение и оценке влияния схем лечения с участием интерферонов на риск печеночных осложнений, клинические исходы и выживаемость пациентов. Однако наиболее очевидным решением проблемы терапии ХГD представляется разработка и внедрение безынтерфероновых схем лечения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hepatitis delta</kwd><kwd>pegylated interferon alpha</kwd><kwd>virological response</kwd><kwd>biochemical response</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гепатит дельта</kwd><kwd>пегилированный интерферон альфа</kwd><kwd>вирусологический ответ</kwd><kwd>биохимический ответ</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Hughes SA, Wedemeyer H, Harrison PM. Hepatitis delta virus. Lancet. 2011;378(9785):73–85. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61931-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Stockdale AJ, Kreuels B, Henrion MYR, Giorgi E, Kyomuhangi I, de Martel C, Hutin Y, Geretti AM. 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