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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1449</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2021-49-015</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL CASES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Severe brain trauma to the fetus in a car accident: Literature review and a clinical case</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тяжелая черепно-мозговая травма плода при автомобильной аварии: обзор литературы и клиническое наблюдение</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3141-3663</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vostrikov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Востриков</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay A. Vostrikov - Postgraduate Student, Chair of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation; Neurosurgeon.</p><p>203-59 Moskovskaya ul., Kirov, 610050.</p><p>Tel.: +7 (901) 419 56 03.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Востриков Николай Андреевич - аспирант кафедры неврологии, нейрохирургии и нейрореабилитации по специальности «Нервные болезни», врач-нейрохирург.</p><p>610050, Киров, ул. Московская, 203-59.</p><p>Тел.: +7 (901) 419 56 03.</p></bio><email>vostrikov_na@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6499-3054</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomareva</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Ponomareva - MD, PhD, Head of Department of Neurology No. 2, Polyclinic No. 2; Neurologist, Epileptologist.</p><p>287 Pobedy prospekt, Chelyabinsk, 454021.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пономарева Ирина Викторовна – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая неврологическим отделением № 2 поликлиники № 2, врач невролог-эпилептолог.</p><p>454021, Челябинск, проспект Победы, 287.</p></bio><email>irina_victorovna@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2630-4091</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Cheremisinov</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черемисинов</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg V. Cheremisinov - MD, PhD, Radiologist, Department of Radiology.</p><p>42 Vorovskogo ul., Kirov, 610027.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черемисинов Олег Витальевич - доктор медицинских наук, врач-рентгенолог рентгенологического отделения.</p><p>610027, Киров, ул. Воровского, 42.</p></bio><email>ocheremisinov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5740-1022</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sherman</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шерман</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Sherman - MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Head of Chair of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation.</p><p>112 K. Marksa ul., Kirov, 610998.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шерман Михаил Айзикович - доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой неврологии, нейрохирургии и нейрореабилитации.</p><p>610998, Киров, ул. К. Маркса, 112.</p></bio><email>sherman@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Center of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Neurosurgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр травматологии, ортопедии и нейрохирургии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Clinical Hospital No. 3</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Областная клиническая больница № 3</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov Regional Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кировская областная клиническая больница</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кировский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-07-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>49</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>231</fpage><lpage>238</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-04-06"><day>06</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-04-06"><day>06</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Vostrikov N.A., Ponomareva I.V., Cheremisinov O.V., Sherman M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Востриков Н.А., Пономарева И.В., Черемисинов О.В., Шерман М.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vostrikov N.A., Ponomareva I.V., Cheremisinov O.V., Sherman M.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Востриков Н.А., Пономарева И.В., Черемисинов О.В., Шерман М.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/1449">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/1449</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Car accidents are the main cause of trauma during pregnancy. Even a non-severe accident is associated with a high risk of injury and unfavorable outcome for the fetus, especially in the event of placental abruption. Major agents leading to a trauma could also include safety belt and safety airbags. Blunt abdominal trauma during a car accident is associated with such type of intrauterine injury as fetal skull fractures and various intracranial hemorrhages. Despite a common viewpoint on relatively high death rates in this population, it is not infrequent that fetal trauma has a favorable outcome without any clinically significant neurological deficiency.</p><p>The paper presents an analysis of the main outcomes of intrauterine brain injury and associated factors. As an illustration, we describe a case of a car accident related brain injury to a fetus at 38 week of gestation, with skull fracture, brain contusion, and subarachnoidal, epidural and subdural, parenchymal and intraventricular hemorrhages induced by the safety belt, with the mother being virtually uninjured. After treatment, the patient was discharged from the hospital in a satisfactory state, without clinically significant neurological symptoms and signs. A 8-months follow-up of the infant showed some delay in brain maturation manifesting as benign epileptiform discharges of childhood and magnetic resonance imaging patterns.</p><p>It is highly likely, that the leading factors ensuring a favorable outcome of a intrauterine severe brain trauma (without fatal trauma to the mother and fetus) are as follows: correct obstetric strategy, late gestational age and absence of a massive parenchymal and/or intraventricular bleeding. After the short-term clinical recovery from a severe intrauterine brain trauma and in addition to it, proper follow-up of the child is essential because of a high risk of long-term cerebral and functional abnormalities, mostly paroxysmal, behavioral and cognitive.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Автомобильные аварии - основная причина травм беременных. Даже при нетяжелой аварии высок риск повреждения и неблагоприятного исхода для плода, особенно в случае отслойки плаценты. При этом основными травмирующими агентами могут стать такие средства индивидуальной защиты, как ремень и подушка безопасности. Среди частых вариантов внутриутробного повреждения при тупой травме живота в результате автомобильной аварии можно выделить черепно-мозговую травму в виде переломов костей черепа и различных внутричерепных кровоизлияний. Несмотря на распространенную точку зрения относительно высокой летальности в этой популяции, нередки случаи благополучного исхода травмы плода без формирования клинически значимого неврологического дефицита. В статье анализируются основные варианты исхода внутриутробного повреждения головного мозга и факторы, их определяющие. В качестве иллюстрации описан случай автомобильной черепно-мозговой травмы плода на 38-й неделе развития с переломом костей черепа, ушибом мозга и субарахноидальным, эпидуральным и субдуральным, паренхиматозным и внутрижелудочковым кровоизлияниями вследствие компримирующего воздействия ремня безопасности; при этом мать практически не пострадала. По окончании лечения пациент выписан из стационара в удовлетворительном состоянии без клинически значимой неврологической симптоматики. Динамическое наблюдение ребенка в течение 8 месяцев позволило выявить признаки замедления созревания головного мозга в виде появления доброкачественных эпилептиформных паттернов детства и паттернов магнитно-резонансной томографии.</p><p>По всей видимости, ведущими факторами, обеспечивающими благоприятный исход внутриутробной тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы в отсутствие фатального повреждения матери и плода, служат правильная акушерская тактика, поздний срок беременности и отсутствие массивного паренхиматозно-вентрикулярного кровоизлияния. Помимо непосредственного клинического выздоровления после тяжелого внутриутробного травматического повреждения головного мозга важно динамическое наблюдение ребенка ввиду повышенного риска развития отдаленных церебральных структурных и функциональных нарушений, прежде всего пароксизмальных, поведенческих и когнитивных.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>car accident</kwd><kwd>trauma during pregnancy</kwd><kwd>fetal brain trauma</kwd><kwd>benign epileptiform discharges of childhood</kwd><kwd>abnormal brain maturation</kwd><kwd>benign age-dependent epilepsy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>автомобильная авария</kwd><kwd>травма в период беременности</kwd><kwd>черепно-мозговая травма плода</kwd><kwd>доброкачественные эпилептиформные паттерны детства</kwd><kwd>нарушение процессов созревания мозга</kwd><kwd>доброкачественная возрастзависимая эпилепсия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1.	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