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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1413</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2021-49-004</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL CASES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of non-tumorous multifocal brain lesions mimicking multiple sclerosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Магнитно-резонансная томография в диагностике неопухолевых многоочаговых изменений головного мозга, имитирующих рассеянный склероз</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5823-9434</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krotenkova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кротенкова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Irina A. Krotenkova</bold> – MD, PhD, Research Fellow, Department of Radiology </p><p><italic>80 Volokolamskoe shosse, Moscow, 125367</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Кротенкова Ирина Андреевна</bold> – кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник отделения лучевой диагностики</p><p><italic>125367, г. Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</italic></p></bio><email>irina.krotenkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1645-6526</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bryukhov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брюхов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Vasiliy V. Bryukhov</bold> – MD, PhD, Senior Research Fellow, Department of Radiology </p><p><italic>80 Volokolamskoe shosse, Moscow, 125367</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Брюхов Василий Валерьевич</bold> – кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения лучевой диагностики</p><p><italic>125367, г. Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</italic></p></bio><email>abdomen@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5539-245X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konovalov</surname><given-names>R. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коновалов</surname><given-names>Р. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Rodion N. Konovalov</bold> – MD, PhD, Senior Research Fellow, Department of Radiology </p><p><italic>80 Volokolamskoe shosse, Moscow, 125367</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Коновалов Родион Николаевич</bold> – кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения лучевой диагностики</p><p><italic>125367, г. Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</italic></p></bio><email>krn_74@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Maria N. Zakharova</bold> – MD, PhD, Head of Neurology Department No. 6 </p><p><italic>80 Volokolamskoe shosse, Moscow, 125367</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Захарова Мария Николаевна</bold> – доктор медицинских наук, руководитель 6-го неврологического отделения</p><p><italic>125367, г. Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</italic></p></bio><email>m.zakharova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3820-4554</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krotenkova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кротенкова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Marina V. Krotenkova</bold> – MD, PhD, Head of Department of Radiology </p><p><italic>80 Volokolamskoe shosse, Moscow, 125367</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Кротенкова Марина Викторовна</bold> – доктор медицинских наук, руководитель отделения лучевой диагностики</p><p><italic>125367, г. Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80</italic></p></bio><email>krotenkova_mrt@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-03-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>49</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-02-15"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-02-15"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Krotenkova I.A., Bryukhov V.V., Konovalov R.N., Zakharova M.N., Krotenkova M.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Кротенкова И.А., Брюхов В.В., Коновалов Р.Н., Захарова М.Н., Кротенкова М.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krotenkova I.A., Bryukhov V.V., Konovalov R.N., Zakharova M.N., Krotenkova M.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кротенкова И.А., Брюхов В.В., Коновалов Р.Н., Захарова М.Н., Кротенкова М.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/1413">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/1413</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is quite challenging due to its variable clinical manifestations and lack of a  definitive test. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the tools to confirm the diagnosis and also helps in differential diagnosis with other disorders and in exclusion of MS-mimicking diseases. In this article, based on the analysis of clinical cases, we discuss the differential diagnosis of MS with the following non-tumorous multifocal brain lesions: vascular abnormalities caused by hypoxia and ischemia, cerebral autosomal dominant angiopathy with subcortical infarctions and leukoencephalopathy, Susac syndrome, primary angiitis of the central nervous system, and neurosarcoidosis. We present both MRI criteria for MS and disorders that have similar MRI signs, and additional clinical and laboratory data that is essential for correct diagnosis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Диагностика рассеянного склероза (РС) довольно сложна, что связано с  особенностями его клинической картины и  отсутствием уникальных подтверждающих тестов. Магнитнорезонансная томография (МРТ) служит одним из способов подтверждения диагноза, а  также позволяет проводить дифференциальную диагностику с  другими заболеваниями и  исключать патологии, имитирующие РС. В  данной статье на примере разбора клинических ситуаций обсуждаются вопросы дифференциальной диагностики РС со следующими неопухолевыми многоочаговыми изменениями головного мозга: гипоксически-ишемическими васкулопатиями, церебральной аутосомно-доминантной ангиопатией с  субкортикальными инфарктами и  лейкоэнцефалопатией, синдромом Сусака, первичным васкулитом центральной нервной системы, нейросаркоидозом. Представлены не только МРТ-критерии РС и сходных с ним по МРТ-картине заболеваний, но и  дополнительные клинические и  лабораторные данные, без которых невозможна постановка правильного диагноза. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>differential diagnosis</kwd><kwd>non-tumorous multifocal brain lesions</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>дифференциальная диагностика</kwd><kwd>неопухолевые многоочаговые изменения головного мозга</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. 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