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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">14127</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2023-51-025</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Causes for the absence of thrombocytopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal vein thrombosis: A case-control study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Причины отсутствия тромбоцитопении у пациентов с циррозом печени и тромбозом воротной вены: исследование «случай – контроль»</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1210-2528</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nadinskaia</surname><given-names>Maria Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Надинская</surname><given-names>Мария Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Chair of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Gastroenterology and Hepatology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии</p></bio><email>nadinskaya_m_yu@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7510-6553</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57222383657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kodzoeva</surname><given-names>Khava B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кодзоева</surname><given-names>Хава Багаудиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Chair of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Internist, Department of Internal Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии; врач-терапевт терапевтического отделения</p></bio><email>kod_eva@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3462-0123</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulyaeva</surname><given-names>Kseniya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуляева</surname><given-names>Ксения Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Chair of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Gastroenterology and Hepatology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии</p></bio><email>xen59@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9275-2733</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khen</surname><given-names>Mariia-Doris E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хэн</surname><given-names>Мария-Дорис Эмильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student, N.V. Sklifosovskiy Institute of Clinical Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского</p></bio><email>khen-mariya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9978-1518</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Koroleva</surname><given-names>Diana I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Королева</surname><given-names>Диана Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student, N.V. Sklifosovskiy Institute of Clinical Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского</p></bio><email>dnakoroleva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6815-6015</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57201595785</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashkin</surname><given-names>Vladimir T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивашкин</surname><given-names>Владимир Тимофеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Member of Russ. Acad. Sci., Head of Chair of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Gastroenterology and Hepatology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, заведующий кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии</p></bio><email>ivashkin_v_t@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Academician V.I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-09-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-10-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>51</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>207</fpage><lpage>217</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-08"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-08-30"><day>30</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Nadinskaia M.Y., Kodzoeva K.B., Gulyaeva K.A., Khen M.E., Koroleva D.I., Ivashkin V.T.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Надинская М.Ю., Кодзоева Х.Б., Гуляева К.А., Хэн М.Э., Королева Д.И., Ивашкин В.Т.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nadinskaia M.Y., Kodzoeva K.B., Gulyaeva K.A., Khen M.E., Koroleva D.I., Ivashkin V.T.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Надинская М.Ю., Кодзоева Х.Б., Гуляева К.А., Хэн М.Э., Королева Д.И., Ивашкин В.Т.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/14127">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/14127</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>: Complications of liver cirrhosis (LC), such as thrombocytopenia and portal vein thrombosis (PVT), have similar pathophysiology. However, the association between PVT and platelet count in LC patients is contradictory.</p> <p><bold>Aim</bold>: To assess factors affecting the platelet count in patients with LC and PVT.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>: This was a retrospective case-control study. The cases were 114 patients with LC of various etiologies and newly diagnosed PVT unrelated to invasive hepatocellular carcinoma. From the database of LC patients without PVT, 228 controls were randomly selected with stratification by gender, age and etiology of cirrhosis. The patients from both groups were divided into subgroups with thrombocytopenia (&lt; 150 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L) and without thrombocytopenia (≥ 150 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L). We analyzed the LC etiology, portal hypertension severity (ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, gastroesophageal varices and associated bleedings, the spleen length, and portal vein diameter), laboratory parameters (white blood cell counts, neutrophils, lymphocytes, hemoglobin levels, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, fibrinogen, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and prothrombin); also, the rates of newly diagnosed malignant tumors was assessed. The statistical analysis included calculation of odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), logistic regression models with assessment of the model accuracy, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC).</p> <p><bold>Results</bold>: There were no differences in the severity of thrombocytopenia between the case and control groups: thrombocytopenia was severe in 15.8% (18 patients) vs 13.6% (31 patients, p = 0.586); moderate, in 41.2% (47 patients) vs 46.1% (105 patients, p = 0.398) and mild, in 31.6% (36 patients) vs 24.5% (56 patients, p = 0.168). The proportion of the patients without thrombocytopenia was 11.4% (13 patients) in the case group and 15.8% (36 patients) in the control group, with the between-group difference being non-significant (p = 0.276). In the subgroups of patients without thrombocytopenia (both in the cases and in the controls), the proportion alcoholic etiology of LC, white blood cells counts, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and fibrinogen concentrations were significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) than in those with thrombocytopenia. The model based on the outcome "absence of thrombocytopenia" included white blood cells counts, hemoglobin and albumin levels, the presence of newly diagnosed malignant tumors in the case group (model accuracy 90.4%, AUC 0.873), and neutrophil counts and spleen length in the control group (model accuracy 86.4%, AUC 0.855). In the patients with PVT and platelet counts of ≥ 150 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L, the OR for all newly diagnosed malignant tumors was 26.3 (95% CI 7.37–93.97, р &lt; 0.0001), for newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma without portal vein invasion 17.42 (95% CI 4.84–62.65, р &lt; 0.0001).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion</bold>: In LC patients, the prevalence and severity of thrombocytopenia are not different depending on the PVT presence or absence. The absence of thrombocytopenia in PVT patients is associated with a higher risk of malignant tumors identification, primarily that of hepatocellular carcinoma.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Осложнения цирроза печени (ЦП) – тромбоцитопения и тромбоз воротной вены (ТВВ) – имеют сходные патогенетические механизмы. Однако данные о взаимосвязи между ТВВ и содержанием тромбоцитов у пациентов с ЦП неоднозначны.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> – изучить у пациентов с ЦП и ТВВ факторы, влияющие на содержание тромбоцитов.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы</bold>. Проведено ретроспективное исследование «случай – контроль». В группу «Случай» включены 114 пациентов с ЦП различной этиологии и впервые выявленным ТВВ, не обусловленным инвазией гепатоцеллюлярным раком. Из базы данных пациентов с ЦП без ТВВ в группу «Контроль» методом стратифицированной рандомизации по полу, возрасту и этиологии ЦП отобрано 228 пациентов. Пациенты в обеих группах разделены на подгруппы в зависимости от наличия/отсутствия тромбоцитопении (&lt; 150 × 10<sup>9</sup>/л / ≥ 150 × 10<sup>9</sup>/л). Проанализирована этиология ЦП, выраженность портальной гипертензии (асцит, печеночная энцефалопатия, варикозное расширение вен пищевода/желудка и кровотечения из них, длинник селезенки, диаметр воротной вены), лабораторные параметры (содержание лейкоцитов, нейтрофилов, лимфоцитов, концентрация гемоглобина, общего белка, альбумина, общего билирубина, фибриногена, нейтрофильно-лимфоцитарный индекс, протромбин); определена частота впервые выявленных злокачественных опухолей. Вычислены отношения шансов (ОШ) и 95% доверительные интервалы (ДИ), построены модели логистической регрессии; рассчитана точность модели, вычислена площадь под ROC-кривой – AUС.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Различий по степени выраженности тромбоцитопении между группами «Случай» и «Контроль» не установлено: тяжелую степень имели 15,8% (18 пациентов) vs 13,6% (31 пациент), р = 0,586; среднюю – 41,2% (47 пациентов) vs 46,1% (105 пациентов), р = 0,398; легкую – 31,6% (36 пациентов) vs 24,5% (56 пациентов), р = 0,168. Доля пациентов без тромбоцитопении в группе «Случай» составила 11,4% (13 пациентов), в группе «Контроль» – 15,8% (36 пациентов), разница между группами незначима (p = 0,276). В подгруппах пациентов без тромбоцитопении, как в группе «Случай», так и в группе «Контроль», частота алкогольной этиологии ЦП, содержание лейкоцитов, нейтрофилов, лимфоцитов и концентрация фибриногена были статистически значимо выше (р &lt; 0,05), чем в подгруппах пациентов с тромбоцитопенией. В модель, построенную на исход «отсутствие тромбоцитопении», в группе «Случай» включены содержание лейкоцитов, концентрация гемоглобина и альбумина, наличие впервые выявленных злокачественных опухолей (точность модели 90,4%, AUC 0,873), в группе «Контроль» – содержание нейтрофилов и длинник селезенки (точность модели 86,4%, AUC 0,855). При одновременном обнаружении ТВВ и содержании тромбоцитов ≥ 150 × 10<sup>9</sup>/л ОШ для всех впервые выявленных злокачественных опухолей составило 26,3 (95% ДИ 7,37–93,97; р &lt; 0,0001), для впервые выявленного гепатоцеллюлярного рака, не инвазирующего воротную вену, – 17,42 (95% ДИ 4,84–62,65; р &lt; 0,0001).</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. У пациентов с ЦП частота тромбоцитопении и степень ее выраженности не различаются в зависимости от наличия или отсутствия ТВВ. Отсутствие тромбоцитопении у пациентов с ТВВ ассоциировано с высоким риском выявления злокачественных опухолей, прежде всего гепатоцеллюлярного рака.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>portal hypertension</kwd><kwd>portal vein</kwd><kwd>platelets</kwd><kwd>hepatocellular carcinoma</kwd><kwd>spleen length</kwd><kwd>model accuracy</kwd><kwd>logistic regression</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>портальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>воротная вена</kwd><kwd>тромбоциты</kwd><kwd>гепатоцеллюлярный рак</kwd><kwd>длинник селезенки</kwd><kwd>точность модели</kwd><kwd>логистическая регрессия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Peck-Radosavljevic M. Thrombocytopenia in chronic liver disease. 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