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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">12274</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2023-51-018</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The relationship between urine steroid metabolome and the course of adrenocortical cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Взаимосвязь стероидного метаболома мочи с течением адренокортикального рака</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9352-4035</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Velikanova</surname><given-names>Ludmila I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Великанова</surname><given-names>Людмила Иосифовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biol. Sci., Professor, Head of Scientific Laboratory of Chromatography</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор, заведующая научно-исследовательской лабораторией хроматографии</p></bio><email>velikanova46@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9574-105X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorokhobina</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ворохобина</surname><given-names>Наталья Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Head of Chair of Endocrinology named after V.G. Baranov</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой эндокринологии им. акад. В.Г. Баранова</p></bio><email>natvorokh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8292-8504</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shafigullina</surname><given-names>Zulfiya R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шафигуллина</surname><given-names>Зульфия Ривгатовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Chair of Endocrinology named after V.G. Baranov</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры эндокринологии им. акад. В.Г. Баранова</p></bio><email>zula183@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2812-6911</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalugina</surname><given-names>Valentina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калугина</surname><given-names>Валентина Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Chair of Endocrinology named after V.G. Baranov</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры эндокринологии им. акад. В.Г. Баранова</p></bio><email>kaluginavav@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0880-0814</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malevanaya</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малеваная</surname><given-names>Екатерина Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (in Chem.), Senior Research Fellow, Scientific Laboratory of Chromatography</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. хим. наук, ст. науч. сотр. научно-исследовательской лаборатории хроматографии</p></bio><email>e.malevanaia@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1208-8092</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Strelnikova</surname><given-names>Elena G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стрельникова</surname><given-names>Елена Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (in Chem.), Senior Research Fellow, Scientific Laboratory of Chromatography</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. хим. наук, ст. науч. сотр. научно-исследовательской лаборатории хроматографии</p></bio><email>Lstrelnikova@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7239-2620</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Buinova</surname><given-names>Maria O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буйнова</surname><given-names>Мария Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Chair of Endocrinology named after V.G. Baranov</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры эндокринологии им. акад. В.Г. Баранова</p></bio><email>maria9966@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2045-0044</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lisitsyn</surname><given-names>Aleksandr A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лисицын</surname><given-names>Александр Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Chair of Theoretical Surgery named after I.I. Grekov</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры факультетской хирургии им. И.И. Грекова</p></bio><email>9213244516@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-4127</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kushlinskii</surname><given-names>Nikolay E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кушлинский</surname><given-names>Николай Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, заведующий лабораторией клинической биохимии</p></bio><email>kne3108@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-07-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-08-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>51</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>143</fpage><lpage>153</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-03"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-07-10"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Velikanova L.I., Vorokhobina N.V., Shafigullina Z.R., Kalugina V.V., Malevanaya E.V., Strelnikova E.G., Buinova M.O., Lisitsyn A.A., Kushlinskii N.E.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Великанова Л.И., Ворохобина Н.В., Шафигуллина З.Р., Калугина В.В., Малеваная Е.В., Стрельникова Е.Г., Буйнова М.О., Лисицын А.А., Кушлинский Н.Е.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Velikanova L.I., Vorokhobina N.V., Shafigullina Z.R., Kalugina V.V., Malevanaya E.V., Strelnikova E.G., Buinova M.O., Lisitsyn A.A., Kushlinskii N.E.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Великанова Л.И., Ворохобина Н.В., Шафигуллина З.Р., Калугина В.В., Малеваная Е.В., Стрельникова Е.Г., Буйнова М.О., Лисицын А.А., Кушлинский Н.Е.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/12274">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/12274</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>: Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) is a rare aggressive and rapidly metastatic disease. Early diagnosis of the disease and its metastatic stage are important for the choice of treatment strategy. Evaluation of urine steroid profiles (USP) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a highly sensitive and specific biomarker instrument that allows for differentiation between benign and malignant tumor and obvious prospects for the diagnosis in patients with adrenal incidentalomas. In our previous study we have found no difference in urine excretion of tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisole (THS), 5-ene-pregnenes and 3α,16,20-pregnenetriol/3β,16,20-pregnenetriol ratio (3α,16,20-dP3/3β,16,20-dP3) in patients with metastatic ACC in early postoperative period, compared to pre-operative parameters. We did not account for the disease stage and primary tumor size in that study in ACC patients.</p> <p><bold>Aim</bold>: To identify specific characteristics of urine steroid metabolome by GC-MS in ACC I–IV stages patients before surgery in order to detect early signs of metastases and the relationship between adrenal steroidogenesis abnormalities and disease stages.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>: We performed a retrospective analysis of the data from the study of USP in 59 ACC stage I-IV patients with L. M. Weiss score ≥ 3, according to pathological examination of the surgical samples. The Cushing syndrome was diagnosed by immunochemistry assay in 28 (47.6%) of ACC patients. Tumor staging was done according to ENSAT based on the results of imaging and postoperative histological reports. ENSAT I was diagnosed in 8 patients, ENSAT II in 26, ENSAT III in 14, ENSAT IV in 11 ACC patients. The control group included 28 healthy donors. USP was assessed by GC-MS before surgery with a gas chromatography-mass-spectrometer Shimadzu GCMS-ТQ8050.</p> <p><bold>Results</bold>: The first variant of urinary steroid metabolome abnormalities with increased excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and THS was found in 10 (90.9%) of ENSAT IV ACC patients and in 20 (50%) of ENSAT II + III patients. The fourth USP variant was characterized by no difference in androgen and THS urinary excretion from that in healthy individuals and was found in ACC ENSAT I patients. Only in ACC ENSAT I patients, there was an increase of pregnanediol (P2) urinary excretion and of the P2/pregnanetriol (P3) ratio, compared to those in healthy donors. ROC-analysis demonstrated that ТНS &gt; 867 mcg/24 hours, 3β,16,20-dP3 &gt; 300 mcg/24 hours and 3α,16,20-dP3/3β,16,20-dP3 &lt; 1.6 cut-offs had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% for preoperative identification of ENSAT IV ACC patients before surgery and for early diagnosis of ACC metastases. There were positive correlations between 16-oxo-androstenediol, THS, and progestogens, as well as a negative correlation between 3α,16,20-dP3/3β,16,20-dP3 ratio and the disease stage.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion</bold>: Urinary excretion of THS, DHEA and its metabolites, P2, 5-ene-pregnenes, and 3α,16,20-dP3/3β,16,20-dP3 ratio determined by GC-MS are important biochemical markers of ACC stages and can be used as ACC metastases prognostic markers.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Адренокортикальный рак (АКР) – редкое заболевание, характеризующееся агрессивным течением и быстрым метастазированием. Для определения тактики лечения важное значение имеет ранняя диагностика заболевания и развития метастазов. Исследование стероидных профилей мочи (СПМ) с помощью газовой хромато-масс-спектрометрии (ГХ-МС) – высокочувствительный и специфический биомаркерный метод, позволяющий дифференцировать доброкачественные опухоли от злокачественных, с очевидной перспективой для диагностики пациентов с инциденталомами надпочечников. В нашем предыдущем исследовании установлено отсутствие различий в экскреции с мочой тетрагидро-11-дезоксикортизола (THS), 5-ene-прегненов и соотношения 3α,16,20-прегнентриол/3β,16,20-прегнентриол (3α,16,20-dP3/3β,16,20-dP3) у больных АКР с метастазами в раннем послеоперационном периоде по сравнению с показателями больных АКР в дооперационном периоде. Стадии заболевания и размер первичной опухоли у больных АКР в данном исследовании мы не учитывали.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> – выявить характерные особенности метаболома стероидов мочи методом ГХ-МС у больных АКР с I-IV стадиями до хирургического лечения для определения ранних признаков метастазов и взаимосвязи нарушений адреналового стероидогенеза со стадиями заболевания.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы</bold>. Проведен ретроспективный анализ данных исследования СПМ 59 больных АКР с I-IV стадиями заболевания с суммой баллов по шкале L. M. Weiss ≥ 3 по данным патоморфологического исследования послеоперационного материала. Синдром Кушинга диагностировали методами иммуноанализа у 28 (47,6%) больных АКР. Стадию заболевания устанавливали на основании результатов визуализирующих методов обследования и послеоперационного гистологического исследования по классификации ENSAT. I стадия была у 8, II стадия – у 26, III стадия – у 14, IV стадия – у 11 больных. Группу контроля составили 28 здоровых доноров. Методом ГХ-МС исследовали СПМ больных АКР до проведения хирургического лечения на газовом хромато-масс-спектрометре Shimadzu GCMS-ТQ8050.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Первый вариант изменений в стероидном метаболоме мочи, характеризующийся увеличением экскреции с мочой дегидроэпиандростерона (DHEA) и ТНS, установлен у 10 (90,9%) больных АКР с IV стадией и у 20 (50%) пациентов в объединенной группе со II и III стадиями; четвертый вариант, связанный с отсутствием различий экскреции с мочой андрогенов и THS с показателями здоровых доноров, – у больных АКР с I стадией заболевания. Только у больных АКР с I стадией получено увеличение соотношения прегнандиола (Р2) к прегнантриолу в сравнении с показателями здоровых доноров. Определены 100% чувствительность и специфичность пороговых значений экскреции с мочой ТНS &gt; 867 мкг/сут, 3β,16,20-dP3 &gt; 300 мкг/сут и соотношения 3α,16,20-dP3/3β,16,20-dP3 &lt; 1,6 для диагностики IV стадии АКР до хирургического лечения и для выявления ранних признаков метастазов. Получены положительные корреляционные связи 16-oксо-андростендиола, THS и прогестагенов, отрицательная корреляционная связь соотношения 3α,16,20-dP3/3β,16,20-dP3 со стадией заболевания.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Методом ГХ-МС установлено, что экскреция с мочой THS, DHEA и его метаболитов, Р2, 5-еne-прегненов и соотношения 3α,16,20-dP3/3β,16,20-dP3 служат важными биохимическими маркерами стадий АКР и показателями для прогнозирования развития метастазов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>adrenocortical cancer</kwd><kwd>metastases</kwd><kwd>gas chromatography-mass spectrometry</kwd><kwd>urinary steroid metabolome</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стадии адренокортикального рака</kwd><kwd>метастазы</kwd><kwd>газовая хромато-масс-спектрометрия</kwd><kwd>стероидный метаболом мочи</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorbunova VA, Bel'tsevich DG, Kolomeytseva AA, Bokhyan VYu, Mel'nichenko GA, Perevodchikova NI, Fedenko AA. [Practice recommendations on medical treatment for adrenocortical cancer]. Malignant Tumours. 2022;12(3s2-1):545–552. 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