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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1095</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2019-47-042</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Musculoskeletal pain: determination of clinical phenotypes and the rational treatment approach</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Скелетно-мышечная боль: выделение клинических фенотипов и рациональный подход к лечению</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1391-0711</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karateev</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каратеев</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Andrei E. Karateev</bold> – MD, PhD, Head of the Laboratory of the Pathophysiology of Pain and Polymorphism of Musculoskeletal Diseases</p><p><italic>34A Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, 115522</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Каратеев Андрей Евгеньевич – </bold>доктор медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией патофизиологии боли и полиморфизма скелетно-мышечных заболеваний</p><p><italic>115522, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34A</italic></p></bio><email>aekarat@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии имени В.А. Насоновой»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-11-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>47</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>445</fpage><lpage>453</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-08-22"><day>22</day><month>08</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-08-22"><day>22</day><month>08</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Karateev A.E.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Каратеев А.Е.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karateev A.E.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каратеев А.Е.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/1095">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/1095</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Personalized treatment is one of the basic principles of modern medicine. When administering a treatment, one should consider individual patient characteristics, comorbidities and, what is most important, the prevailing symptoms, as well as the clinical phenotype of a disease. This is directly related to chronic musculoskeletal pain (MSP), which occurs with underlying most prevalent joint and vertebral disorders. At present, MSP is considered to be an independent clinical syndrome.Predominant mechanisms of MSP pathophysiology allow for determination of its special phenotypes: “inflammatory”, “mechanical”, related to enthesopathy and central sensitization. Treatment strategies for MSP phenotypes should obviously be differentiated and based on a tailored and pathophysiologically sound of medical agents and non-medical measures with different mechanisms of pharmacological effects. Effective treatment of the “inflammatory” phenotype requires the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, topical glucocorticoids, disease modifying anti-inflammatory agents. The “mechanical” phenotype necessitates the correction of biomechanical abnormalities, the use of hyaluronic acid containing agents, whereas the “enthesopathic” phenotype is treated with local therapy. Treatment of the phenotype with central sensitization is performed with agents effective for neuropathic pain (anticonvulsants, anti-depressants).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Персонализация лечения – один из центральных принципов современной медицины. При проведении терапии следует учитывать индивидуальные особенности пациента, «коморбидный фон» и, самое главное, преобладающие симптомы, а также вариант развития болезни, то есть ее клинический фенотип. Это напрямую относится к проблеме хронической скелетно-мышечной боли (СМБ), которая возникает на фоне наиболее распространенных заболеваний суставов и позвоночника. В настоящее время СМБ рассматривается как самостоятельный клинический синдром. Преобладающие механизмы развития СМБ позволяют выделять ее особые фенотипы: «воспалительный», «механический», связанный с энтезопатией и центральной сенситизацией. Очевидно, что тактика лечения фенотипов СМБ должна быть дифференцированной и основываться на индивидуальном, патогенетически обоснованном выборе медикаментозных и немедикаментозных средств с разным механизмом фармакологического действия. Для эффективного лечения «воспалительного» фенотипа необходимо применение нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов, локальных глюкокортикоидов, базисных противовоспалительных препаратов, «механического» – коррекция биомеханических нарушений, применение препаратов гиалуроновой кислоты, «энтезопатического» – применение локальной терапии, фенотипа с центральной сенситизацией – применение препаратов для коррекции нейропатической боли (антиконвульсанты, антидепрессанты).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>musculoskeletal pain</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>central sensitization</kwd><kwd>phenotype</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>скелетно-мышечная боль</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>центральная сенситизация</kwd><kwd>фенотипы</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. van Meurs JB, Boer CG, Lopez-Delgado L, Riancho JA. 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