<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1075</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2019-47-031</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Gestational sleep apnea. The association between pregnancy and preeclampsia with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гестационное сонное апноэ. Связь беременности и преэклампсии с синдромом обструктивного апноэ сна</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3240-3715</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalachin</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калачин</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin A. Kalachin – MD, Anesthesiologist Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care; Assistant, Chair of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology</p><p>4 Akademika Oparina ul., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Калачин Константин Александрович – врач анестезиолог- реаниматолог отделения анестезиологии-реанимации, ассистент кафедры анестезиологии и реаниматологии</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, 4</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8382-9671</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pyregov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пырегов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksei V. Pyregov - MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care; Head of the Chair of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology.</p><p>5-220 Lesnaya ul., Dzerzhinskiy, Moskovskaya oblast, 140090, Tel.: +7 (916) 140 65 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пырегов Алексей Викторович – д-р мед. наук, доцент, заведующий отделением анестезиологии- реанимации, заведующий кафедрой анестезиологии и реаниматологии</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, 4</p></bio><email>pyregov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2206-1002</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmakov</surname><given-names>R. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмаков</surname><given-names>Р. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman G. Shmakov – MD, PhD, Professor of Russ. Acad. Sci., Director of the Institute of Obstetrics</p><p>4 Akademika Oparina ul., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шмаков Роман Георгиевич – д-р мед. наук, профессор РАН, директор института акушерства</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, 4</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-07-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>47</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>266</fpage><lpage>275</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-07-16"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-07-16"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Kalachin K.A., Pyregov A.V., Shmakov R.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Калачин К.А., Пырегов А.В., Шмаков Р.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kalachin K.A., Pyregov A.V., Shmakov R.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Калачин К.А., Пырегов А.В., Шмаков Р.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/1075">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/1075</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Preeclampsia (PE) continues to be one of the main reasons of maternal mortality even in countries with a high level of medical care. Current PE treatment can be etiological and symptomatic. Therefore, active investigation into etiology and pathogenesis of this pregnancy complication is on the way. Identification of new pathways in PE is of vital importance because it could provide clues to pathogenesis-related treatment and consequent reduction in mortality. It is especially in the mainstream nowadays, when leading world perinatal institutions have focused on prolongation of pregnancy in early onset PE (EPE) to improve neonatal outcomes. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome and early small airway obstruction have been proposed as pathophysiological pathways of PE. In this review article we present the association between pregnancy and sleep-related breathing dysfunction, as well as between OSA and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Common mechanisms for arterial hypertension in PE and OSA have been proposed, and additional potential treatment approaches are discussed aimed at pregnancy prolongation in EPE. We have formulated unresolved issues related to studies of obstructive sleep apnea in pregnancy in general and in PE patients in particular.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Даже в странах с высоким уровнем оказания медицинской помощи преэклампсия (ПЭ) по-прежнему уносит много жизней, оставаясь одной из главных причин материнской смертности. Современная терапия ПЭ может быть лишь этиологической и симптоматической. В этой связи ведется активное изучение этиологии и патогенеза данного осложнения беременности. Выявление новых звеньев развития ПЭ жизненно важно, поскольку позволило бы проводить патогенетическую терапию и, как следствие, снизить летальность. Особенно это актуально сейчас, когда ведущие мировые перинатальные институты взяли курс на пролонгирование беременности при ранней преэклампсии (РПЭ) с целью улучшения неонатальных исходов. В качестве патогенетических звеньев ПЭ рассматриваются синдром обструктивного апноэ сна (СОАС) и раннее экспираторное закрытие дыхательных путей. В обзоре показана связь между беременностью и ухудшением дыхания во сне, а также между СОАС и гипертензивными расстройствами во время беременности. Предложены единые механизмы развития артериальной гипертензии при ПЭ и СОАС и с учетом этих механизмов – возможные дополнительные методы лечения, направленные прежде всего на пролонгирование беременности при РПЭ. Озвучены нерешенные вопросы в области изучения СОАС у беременных в целом и у пациенток с ПЭ в частности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>preeclampsia</kwd><kwd>pregnancy prolongation with early onset preeclampsia</kwd><kwd>hypertensive disorders of pregnancy</kwd><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>obstructive sleep apnea</kwd><kwd>early small airway obstruction</kwd><kwd>CPAP</kwd><kwd>respiratory therapy</kwd><kwd>blood gases</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>преэклампсия</kwd><kwd>пролонгирование беременности с ранней преэклампсией</kwd><kwd>гипертензивные расстройства во время беременности</kwd><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>синдром обструктивного апноэ сна</kwd><kwd>раннее экспираторное закрытие дыхательных путей</kwd><kwd>СРАР-терапия</kwd><kwd>респираторная терапия</kwd><kwd>газы крови</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Ghulmiyyah L, Sibai B. Maternal mortality from preeclampsia/eclampsia. Semin Perinatol. 2012;36(1):56–9. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2011.09.011.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>2. Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2014;384(9947): 980–1004. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)606966.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>3. Say L, Chou D, Gemmill A, Tunçalp Ö, Moller AB, Daniels J, Gülmezoglu AM, Temmerman M, Alkema L. Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2014;2(6):e323–33. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70227-X.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>4. Здравоохранение в России. 2017: Статистический сборник. М.: Росстат; 2017. 170 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>5. Abalos E, Cuesta C, Carroli G, Qureshi Z, Widmer M, Vogel JP, Souza JP; WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health Research Network. Pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes: a secondary analysis of the World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health. BJOG. 2014;121 Suppl 1:14–24. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.12629.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>6. Stoll BJ, Hansen NI, Bell EF, Shankaran S, Laptook AR, Walsh MC, Hale EC, Newman NS, Schibler K, Carlo WA, Kennedy KA, Poindexter BB, Finer NN, Ehrenkranz RA, Duara S, Sánchez PJ, O'Shea TM, Goldberg RN, Van Meurs KP, Faix RG, Phelps DL, Frantz ID 3rd, Watterberg KL, Saha S, Das A, Higgins RD; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm infants from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics. 2010;126(3):443–56. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-2959.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>7. Guida JPS, Surita FG, Parpinelli MA, Costa ML. Preterm preeclampsia and timing of delivery: a systematic literature review. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2017;39(11):622–31. doi: 10.1055/s0037-1604103.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>8. Dekker GA. Management of preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2014;4(3):246–7. doi: 10.1016/j.preghy.2014.04.021.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>9. Brown MA, Magee LA, Kenny LC, Karumanchi SA, McCarthy FP, Saito S, Hall DR, Warren CE, Adoyi G, Ishaku S; International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy (ISSHP). The hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: ISSHP classification, diagnosis &amp; management recommendations for international practice. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2018;13:291–310. doi: 10.1016/j.preghy.2018.05.004.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>10. Адамян ЛВ, Артымук НВ, Башмакова НВ, Белокринницкая ТЕ, Беломестнов СР, Братищев ИВ, Вученович ЮД, Краснопольский ВИ, Куликов АВ, Левит АЛ, Никитина НА, Петрухин ВА, Пырегов АВ, Серов ВН, Сидорова ИС, Филиппов ОС, Ходжаева ЗС, Холин АМ, Шешко ЕЛ, Шифман ЕМ, Шмаков РГ. Гипертензивные расстройства во время беременности, в родах и послеродовом периоде. Преэклампсия. Эклампсия. Клинические рекомендации (протокол лечения). М.; 2016. 40 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>11. Российское кардиологическое общество. Диагностика и лечение сердечнососудистых заболеваний при беременности. Российские рекомендации. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2013;(4s1):4–40. doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2013-4s1-4-40.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>12. Бузунов РВ, Легейда ИВ, Царева ЕВ. Храп и синдром обструктивного апноэ сна у взрослых и детей. Практическое руководство для врачей. М.; 2013. 124 c.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>13. Kushida CA, Littner MR, Morgenthaler T, Alessi CA, Bailey D, Coleman J Jr, Friedman L, Hirshkowitz M, Kapen S, Kramer M, Lee-Chiong T, Loube DL, Owens J, Pancer JP, Wise M. Practice parameters for the indications for polysomnography and related procedures: an update for 2005. Sleep. 2005;28(4):499–521. doi: 10.1093/sleep/28.4.499.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>14. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International Classification of Sleep Disorders. 3rd edition. Darien, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2014. 383 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>15.Peppard PE, Young T, Barnet JH, Palta M, Hagen EW, Hla KM. Increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in adults. Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(9):1006–14. doi: 10.1093/aje/kws342.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>16. Kapur VK, Auckley DH, Chowdhuri S, Kuhlmann DC, Mehra R, Ramar K, Harrod CG. Clinical Practice Guideline for Diagnostic Testing for Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Sleep Med. 2017;13(3): 479–504. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.6506.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>17. Ravesloot MJ, van Maanen JP, Hilgevoord AA, van Wagensveld BA, de Vries N. Obstructive sleepapneaisunderrecognizedandunderdiagnosed in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2012;269(7):1865–71. doi: 10.1007/s00405012-1948-0.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>18. Бузунов РВ, Пальман АД, Мельников АЮ, Авербух ВМ, Мадаева ИМ, Куликов АН. Диагностика и лечение синдрома обструктивного апноэ сна у взрослых. Рекомендации Российского общества сомнологов. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2018;(35):34–45.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>19. Franklin KA, Lindberg E. Obstructive sleep apnea is a common disorder in the population – a review on the epidemiology of sleep apnea. J Thorac Dis. 2015;7(8):1311–22. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.20721439.2015.06.11.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>20. Gurubhagavatula I, Fields BG, Morales CR, Hurley S, Pien GW, Wick LC, Staley BA, Townsend RR, Maislin G. Screening for severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in hypertensive outpatients. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2013;15(4):279–88. doi: 10.1111/jch.12073.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>21. Worsnop CJ, Naughton MT, Barter CE, Morgan TO, Anderson AI, Pierce RJ. The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in hypertensives. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;157(1):111–5. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.157.1.9609063.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>22. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT Jr, Roccella EJ; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure; National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA. 2003;289(19):2560–72. doi: 10.1001/jama.289.19.2560.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>23. Остроумова ОД, Борисова ЕВ, Остроумова ТМ, Кочетков АИ. Вариабельность артериального давления в течение суток: прогностическое значение, методы оценки и влияние антигипертензивной терапии. Кардиология. 2017;57(12):62–72. doi: 10.18087/cardio.2017.12.10068.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>24.Kario K. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and hypertension: ambulatory blood pressure. Hypertens Res. 2009;32(6):428–32. doi: 10.1038/hr.2009.56.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>25. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The international classification of sleep disorders: diagnostic &amp; coding manual. 2nd edition. Westchester, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2005. 297 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>26.Karan S, Ginosar Y. Gestational sleep apnea: have we been caught napping? Int J Obstet Anesth. 2016;26:1–3. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2016.03.001.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>27.Миллер Р, ред. Анестезия Рональда Миллера. В 4-х томах. Пер. с англ. Под общ. ред. К.М. Лебединского. М.: Человек; 2015. 1666 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>28. Chestnut DH, editor. Chestnut's obstetric anesthesia: principles and practice. 5th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders; 2014. 1304 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>29. Пырегов АВ, Шифман ЕМ, Кан НЕ, Петров СВ. Трудные дыхательные пути в акушерстве. М.: ИнтелТекМедиа; 2012. 47 c.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>30. Rodrigo R, González J, Paoletto F. The role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Hypertens Res. 2011;34(4):431–40. doi: 10.1038/hr.2010.264.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>31.Рунихина НК, Голубева ОА. Артериальная гипертония у женщин. Особенности лечения: роль бета-адреноблокаторов. Гинекология. 2012;14(2):42–8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>32.Bouchlariotou S, Liakopoulos V, Giannopoulou M, Arampatzis S, Eleftheriadis T, Mertens PR, Zintzaras E, Messinis IE, Stefanidis I. Melatonin secretion is impaired in women with preeclampsia and an abnormal circadian blood pressure rhythm. Ren Fail. 2014;36(7): 1001–7. doi: 10.3109/0886022X.2014.926216.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>33. Steyn DW, Odendaal HJ, Hall DR. Diurnal blood pressure variation in the evaluation of early onset severe pre-eclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2008;138(2):141–6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2007.08.010.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>34. Lazdam M, de la Horra A, Diesch J, Kenworthy Y, Davis E, Lewandowski AJ, Szmigielski C, Shore A, Mackillop L, Kharbanda R, Alp N, Redman C, Kelly B, Leeson P. Unique blood pressure characteristics in mother and offspring after early onset preeclampsia. Hypertension. 2012;60(5):1338–45. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.198366.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>35. Izci B, Riha RL, Martin SE, Vennelle M, Liston WA, Dundas KC, Calder AA, Douglas NJ. The upper airway in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;167(2):137–40. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200206-590OC.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>36. Зильбер АП. Этюды респираторной медицины. М.: МЕДпресс-информ; 2007. 792 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>37. Nishino T, Sugiyama A, Tanaka A, Ishikawa T. Effects of topical nasal anaesthesia on shift of breathing route in adults. Lancet. 1992;339(8808):1497–500. doi: 10.1016/01406736(92)91261-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>38.Сатишур ОЕ. Механическая вентиляция легких. М.: Медицинская литература; 2006. 352 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>39. Sentman ML, Granström M, Jakobson H, Reaume A, Basu S, Marklund SL. Phenotypes of mice lacking extracellular superoxide dismutase and copperand zinc-containing superoxide dismutase. J Biol Chem. 2006;281(11): 6904–9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M510764200.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>40.Горячев АС, Савин ИА. Основы ИВЛ. М.: Медиздат; 2009. 252 c.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>41.WhiteheadC,TongS,WilsonD,HowardM, Walker SP. Treatment of early-onset preeclampsia with continuous positive airway pressure. Obstet Gynecol. 2015;125(5):1106–9. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000508.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>42. Daly AL, Robertson A, Johnson P, Middleton S, Bobek G, Sullivan C, Hennessy A. PP162. sFlt-1 controlled by CPAP in a pregnant patient with chronic hypertension. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2012;2(3):327. doi: 10.1016/j.preghy.2012.04.273.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
