<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Almanac of Clinical Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Альманах клинической медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-0505</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9294</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1010</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18786/2072-0505-2019-47-019</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Genetic predictors of insulin-producing pancreatic tumor</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генетические предикторы инсулинпродуцирующей опухоли поджелудочной железы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yukina</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юкина</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p/><p><bold>Marina Yu. Yukina</bold> - MD, PhD, Leading Research Fellow, Department of Therapeutic Endocrinology,</p><p><italic>11 Dmitriya Ul'yanova ul., Moscow, 117036</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Юкина Марина Юрьевна</bold> – канд. мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр., отдел терапевтической эндокринологии,</p><p><italic>117036, г. Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, 11</italic></p></bio><email>kuronova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nuralieva</surname><given-names>N. F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нуралиева</surname><given-names>Н. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Nurana F. Nuralieva</bold> – Research Fellow, Department of Therapeutic Endocrinology,</p><p><italic>11 Dmitriya Ul'yanova ul., Moscow, 117036</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Нуралиева Нурана Фейзуллаевна</bold> – науч. сотр., отдел терапевтической эндокринологии,</p><p><italic>117036, г. Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, 11</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Troshina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трошина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Ekaterina A. Troshina</bold> – MD, PhD, Professor, Member-Correspondent of Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of Department of Therapeutic Endocrinology,</p><p><italic>11 Dmitriya Ul'yanova ul., Moscow, 117036</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Трошина Екатерина Анатольевна</bold> – д-р мед. наук, профессор, чл.-корр. РАН, заведующая отделом терапевтической эндокринологии,</p><p><italic>117036, г. Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, 11</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of Endocrinology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-05-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>05</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>47</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>149</fpage><lpage>155</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Yukina M.Y., Nuralieva N.F., Troshina E.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Юкина М.Ю., Нуралиева Н.Ф., Трошина Е.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yukina M.Y., Nuralieva N.F., Troshina E.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юкина М.Ю., Нуралиева Н.Ф., Трошина Е.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/1010">https://almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/1010</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Insulinoma is the most common functioning tumor of the pancreas. Approximately 5% of its cases are associated with the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1 (MEN1), caused by mutation in the MEN1 gene. MEN1 can be manifested by pituitary and parathyroid adenomas, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, tumors of the thyroid gland, adrenals, intestine, carcinoids of lungs and other organs. However, in 5–10% of the patients with clinical manifestation of this syndrome, MEN1 mutations cannot be identified. Moreover, the disease can be caused by various abnormalities (mutations, polymorphisms, etc.) in other genes. More than 30 genes, associated with insulin-producing pancreatic tumors, have been described in the literature. With a known germinal mutation, the prognosis and management of patients with insulinoma can be determined by the hereditary disease with which the tumor is associated. The article emphasizes the need to search for new genetic markers that predispose to the development of insulinoma. The necessity of extended genetic testing of patients with insulinomas is discussed, primarily of young patients with multifocal lesions, family history and associated disorders.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Инсулинома  – наиболее часто встречающаяся функционирующая опухоль поджелудочной железы. Примерно в  5%  случаев заболевание ассоциировано с  синдромом множественных эндокринных неоплазий 1-го  типа (МЭН1), обусловленным мутацией в гене MEN1. МЭН1 может манифестировать аденомами гипофиза и  околощитовидных желез, панкреатическими нейроэндокринными опухолями, опухолями щитовидной железы, надпочечников, кишечника, карциноидами легких и  других органов. Однако у  5–10%  пациентов с  клиническими проявлениями данного синдрома не удается обнаружить мутаций в MEN1. Более того, причиной заболевания могут быть различные нарушения (мутации, полиморфизмы и пр.) и в других генах. В литературе описано более 30 генов, изменения которых ассоциированы с  инсулинпродуцирующей опухолью поджелудочной железы. При известной герминальной мутации прогноз и  тактика ведения больных с  инсулиномой может определяться наследственным заболеванием, с  которым ассоциирована опухоль. Подчеркивается необходимость поиска новых генетических маркеров, предрасполагающих к  развитию инсулиномы. Обсуждается необходимость расширенного генетического тестирования пациентов с инсулиномой, в первую очередь молодого возраста с  мультифокальным поражением, отягощенным семейным анамнезом и сопутствующей ассоциированной патологией.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>insulinoma</kwd><kwd>germinal mutation</kwd><kwd>sporadic mutation</kwd><kwd>genetic screening</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инсулинома</kwd><kwd>герминальная мутация</kwd><kwd>спорадическая мутация</kwd><kwd>генетический скрининг</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1.Jensen RT, Cadiot G, Brandi ML, de Herder WW, Kaltsas G, Komminoth P, Scoazec JY, Salazar R, Sauvanet A, Kianmanesh R; Barcelona Consensus Conference participants. ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the management of patients with digestive neuroendocrine neoplasms: functional pancreatic endocrine tumor syndromes. Neuroendocrinology. 2012;95(2): 98–119. doi: 10.1159/000335591.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>2.Druce MR, Muthuppalaniappan VM, O'Leary B, Chew SL, Drake WM, Monson JP, Akker SA, Besser M, Sahdev A, Rockall A, Vyas S, Bhattacharya S, Matson M, Berney D, Reznek RH, Grossman AB. Diagnosis and localisation of insulinoma: the value of modern magnetic resonance imaging in conjunction with calcium stimulation catheterisation. Eur J Endocrinol. 2010;162(5):971–8. doi: 10.1530/EJE-10-0056.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>3.Jyotsna VP, Malik E, Birla S, Sharma A. Novel MEN 1 gene findings in rare sporadic insulinoma – a case control study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2015;15:44. doi: 10.1186/s12902-015-0041-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>4. Borson-Chazot F, Cardot-Bauters C, Mirallie É, Pattou F; French Endocrine Society. Insulinoma of genetic aetiology. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2013;74(3):200–2. doi: 10.1016/j.ando.2013.05.006.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>5. Sakurai A, Yamazaki M, Suzuki S, Fukushima T, Imai T, Kikumori T, Okamoto T, Horiuchi K, Uchino S, Kosugi S, Yamada M, Komoto I, Hanazaki K, Itoh M, Kondo T, Mihara M, Imamura M. Clinical features of insulinoma in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: analysis of the database of the MEN Consortium of Japan. Endocr J. 2012;59(10):859–66. doi: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ12-0173.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>6. Kwon EB, Jeong HR, Shim YS, Lee HS, Hwang JS. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 presenting as hypoglycemia due to insulinoma. J Korean Med Sci. 2016;31(6):1003–6. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.6.1003.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>7.Akhtar Y, Verardo A, Crane JL. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 presenting with concurrent insulinoma and prolactinoma in early-adolescence. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol. 2018;2018:7. doi: 10.1186/s13633-018-0061-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>8. Fabbri HC, Mello MP, Soardi FC, Esquiaveto-Aun AM, Oliveira DM, Denardi FC, Moura-Neto A, Garmes HM, Baptista MT, Matos PS, Lemos-Marini SH, D'Souza-Li LF, Guerra-Júnior G. Long-term follow-up of an 8-year-old boy with insulinoma as the first manifestation of a familial form of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2010;54(8):754–60. doi: 10.1590/S0004-27302010000800016.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>9.Goudet P, Dalac A, Le Bras M, Cardot-Bauters C, Niccoli P, Lévy-Bohbot N, du Boullay H, Bertagna X, Ruszniewski P, Borson-Chazot F, Vergès B, Sadoul JL, Ménégaux F, Tabarin A, Kühn JM, d'Anella P, Chabre O, Christin-Maitre S, Cadiot G, Binquet C, Delemer B. MEN1 disease occurring before 21 years old: a 160-patient cohort study from the Groupe d'étude des Tumeurs Endocrines. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(4):1568–77. doi: 10.1210/jc.2014- 3659.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>10. Vezzosi D, Cardot-Bauters C, Bouscaren N, Lebras M, Bertholon-Grégoire M, Niccoli P, LevyBohbot N, Groussin L, Bouchard P, Tabarin A, Chanson P, Lecomte P, Guilhem I, Carrere N, Mirallié E, Pattou F, Peix JL, Goere D, Borson-Chazot F, Caron P, Bongard V, Carnaille B, Goudet P, Baudin E. Long-term results of the surgical management of insulinoma patients with MEN1: a Groupe d'étude des Tumeurs Endocrines (GTE) retrospective study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015;172(3):309–19. doi: 10.1530/EJE-14-0878.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>11.Jensen RT, Berna MJ, Bingham DB, Norton JA. Inherited pancreatic endocrine tumor syndromes: advances in molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and controversies. Cancer. 2008;113(7 Suppl):1807–43. doi: 10.1002/cncr.23648.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>12. Lee M, Pellegata NS. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4. Front Horm Res. 2013;41:63–78. doi: 10.1159/000345670.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>13. Thakker RV. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and type 4 (MEN4). Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2014;386(1–2):2–15. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.08.002.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>14. Şimşir IY, Ertan Y, Sözbilen M, Makay Ö, Erdoğan M, Çetinkalp Ş, Saygılı LF, Yılmaz C, Berdeli A, Özgen AG. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 (MEN4) syndrome. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2015;7 Suppl 2:77–92.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>15. Pardi E, Borsari S, Saponaro F, Bogazzi F, Urbani C, Mariotti S, Pigliaru F, Satta C, Pani F, Materazzi G, Miccoli P, Grantaliano L, Marcocci C, Cetani F. Mutational and large deletion study of genes implicated in hereditary forms of primary hyperparathyroidism and correlation with clinical features. PLoS One. 2017;12(10):e0186485. doi: 10.1371/journal. pone.0186485.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>16. Falchetti A, Brandi ML. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type I variants and phenocopies: more than a nosological issue? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(5):1518–20. doi: 10.1210/jc.2009- 0494.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>17.Ono Y, Oda N, Ishihara S, Shimomura A, Hayakawa N, Suzuki A, Horiguchi A, Senda T, Miyakawa S, Itoh M. Insulinoma cell calcium-sensing receptor influences insulin secretion in a case with concurrent familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia and malignant metastatic insulinoma. Eur J Endocrinol. 2008;159(1):81–6. doi: 10.1530/EJE-08-0069.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>18. Zhou W, Gong L, Li X, Wan Y, Wang X, Li H, Jiang B. Screening key candidate genes and pathways involved in insulinoma by microarray analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(22):e10826. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010826.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>19.Afzal M, Kathuria P. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH). StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; 2018. Available from: https:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459190/.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>20. McAuley G, Delaney H, Colville J, Lyburn I, Worsley D, Govender P, Torreggiani WC. Multimodality preoperative imaging of pancreatic insulinomas. Clin Radiol. 2005;60(10):1039–50. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2005.06.005.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>21. Vezzosi D, Bennet A, Maiza JC, Buffet A, Grunenwald S, Fauvel J, Courbon F, Otal P, Carrere N, Caron Ph. Diagnosis and treatment of insulinomas in the adults. In: Fulya A, editor. Basic and Clinical Endocrinology Up-to-Date. InTech; 2011. P. 135–76. doi: 10.5772/17452.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>22.Jonkers YMH. Molecular alterations during insulinoma tumorigenesis. Maastricht: Universiteit Maastricht; 2007. 128 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>23.Gillam MP, Nimbalkar D, Sun L, Christov K, Ray D, Kaldis P, Liu X, Kiyokawa H. MEN1 tumorigenesis in the pituitary and pancreatic islet requires Cdk4 but not Cdk2. Oncogene. 2015;34(7):932–8. doi: 10.1038/onc.2014.3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>24. Wang H, Bender A, Wang P, Karakose E, Inabnet WB, Libutti SK, Arnold A, Lambertini L, Stang M, Chen H, Kasai Y, Mahajan M, Kinoshita Y, Fernandez-Ranvier G, Becker TC, Takane KK, Walker LA, Saul S, Chen R, Scott DK, Ferrer J, Antipin Y, Donovan M, Uzilov AV, Reva B, Schadt EE, Losic B, Argmann C, Stewart AF. Insights into beta cell regeneration for diabetes via integration of molecular landscapes in human insulinomas. Nat Commun. 2017;8(1):767. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017- 00992-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>25. Lubomierski N, Kersting M, Bert T, Muench K, Wulbrand U, Schuermann M, Bartsch D, Simon B. Tumor suppressor genes in the 9p21 gene cluster are selective targets of inactivation in neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors. Cancer Res. 2001;61(15): 5905–10.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>26. Bartsch DK, Kersting M, Wild A, Ramaswamy A, Gerdes B, Schuermann M, Simon B, Rothmund M. Low frequency of p16(INK4a) alterations in insulinomas. Digestion. 2000;62(2–3): 171–7. doi: 10.1159/000007810.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>27. Irshad K, Jyotsna VP, Agarwal S, Chosdol K, Pal S, Deepak RK. T372R mutation status in Yin Yang 1 gene in insulinoma patients. Horm Metab Res. 2017;49(6):452–6. doi: 10.1055/s0043-107244.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>28. Cao Y, Gao Z, Li L, Jiang X, Shan A, Cai J, Peng Y, Li Y, Jiang X, Huang X, Wang J, Wei Q, Qin G, Zhao J, Jin X, Liu L, Li Y, Wang W, Wang J, Ning G. Whole exome sequencing of insulinoma reveals recurrent T372R mutations in YY1. Nat Commun. 2013;4:2810. doi: 10.1038/ncomms3810.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>29. Cromer MK, Choi M, Nelson-Williams C, Fonseca AL, Kunstman JW, Korah RM, Overton JD, Mane S, Kenney B, Malchoff CD, Stalberg P, Akerström G, Westin G, Hellman P, Carling T, Björklund P, Lifton RP. Neomorphic effects of recurrent somatic mutations in Yin Yang 1 in insulin-producing adenomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112(13):4062–7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1503696112.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>30. Lichtenauer UD, Di Dalmazi G, Slater EP, Wieland T, Kuebart A, Schmittfull A, Schwarzmayr T, Diener S, Wiese D, Thasler WE, Reincke M, Meitinger T, Schott M, Fassnacht M, Bartsch DK, Strom TM, Beuschlein F. Frequency and clinical correlates of somatic Ying Yang 1 mutations in sporadic insulinomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(5):E776–82. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-1100.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>31. Baudin E, Caron P, Lombard-Bohas C, Tabarin A, Mitry E, Reznick Y, Taieb D, Pattou F, Goudet P, Vezzosi D, Scoazec JY, Cadiot G, Borson-Chazot F, Do Cao C; Société française d’endocrinologie; Groupe d’étude des tumeurs endocrines. Malignant insulinoma: recommendations for characterisation and treatment. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2013;74(5–6): 523–33. doi: 10.1016/j.ando.2013.07.001.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>32. Karpathakis A, Dibra H, Thirlwell C. Neuroendocrine tumours: cracking the epigenetic code. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2013;20(3):R65–82. doi: 10.1530/ERC-12-0338.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>33.Dejeux E, Olaso R, Dousset B, Audebourg A, Gut IG, Terris B, Tost J. Hypermethylation of the IGF2 differentially methylated region 2 is a specific event in insulinomas leading to loss-of-imprinting and overexpression. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2009;16(3):939–52. doi: 10.1677/ERC-08-0331.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>34.Duerr EM, Chung DC. Molecular genetics of neuroendocrine tumors. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;21(1):1–14. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2006.12.001.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>35.Hrasćan R, Pećina-Slaus N, Martić TN, Colić JF, Gall-Troselj K, Pavelić K, Karapandza N. Analysis of selected genes in neuroendocrine tumours: insulinomas and phaeochromocytomas. J Neuroendocrinol. 2008;20(8):1015–22. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2008.01755.x.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>36.Johannessen LE, Panagopoulos I, Haugvik SP, Gladhaug IP, Heim S, Micci F. Upregulation of INS-IGF2 read-through expression and identification of a novel INS-IGF2 splice variant in insulinomas. Oncol Rep. 2016;36(5): 2653–62. doi: 10.3892/or.2016.5132.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
